atomic structure and the periodic table Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is ionisation energy
the minimum energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of atoms in a gaseous state (kJmol^-1)
What is Heisenburg’s Principle?
Uncertainty Principle
What is meant by Heiseburg’s uncertainty principle?
you cant determine the position and momentum of an electron at the same time
What is Aufbau’s Principle?
‘Build Up’ principle
What is meant by Aufbau’s Principle?
electrons enter the lowest available energy level
they start from the bottom up so electrons don’t waste electricity
What is Hund’s rule?
Maximum Multiplicity
What is Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity?
when in orbitals of equal energy, electrons will try to remain unpaired
What are the 4 quantum shells?
s, p, d, f
What are quantum shells?
shells that define the energy level of an electron
What are ‘s’ orbitals shaped like?
spherical
What are ‘p’ orbitals shaped like?
dumbbells
What are ‘d’ orbitals shaped like?
clover leaves
Which orbital occurs in every energy level?
’s’ orbital
Which orbital occurs in energy levels 2 and onwards?
‘p’ orbital
Which orbital occurs in energy levels 3 and onwards?
‘d’ orbital
How many orbitals occur in an s subshell
1
how many orbitals occur in a p subshell
3
what is relative isotopic mass
the mass of an atom of an isotope relative to 1/12th of a carnbon-12 atom
what is relative atomic mass
the average weighted mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12th of a carbon-12
what evidence is there for electron configuration
- atomic emission spectra
- successive ionisation energies
- first ionisation energies of successive elements
