Atomic structure and the periodic table

Question 1

what is in the nucleus ?

Answer 1

protons and neutrons

Question 2

what is the charge of the nucleus ?

Answer 2

POSITIVE

Question 3

what is the relationship between protons and electrons in an ATOM?

Answer 3

they are the same

same number of protons and electrons

Question 4

what is the atomic number ?

Answer 4

how many protons

Question 5

what is the mass number?

Answer 5

total number of protons and neutrons

Question 6

what determines what the element is?

Answer 6

the number of protons in the nucleus

Question 7

what is an isotope ?

Answer 7

different forms of the same elements
same number of protons
different numbers of neutrons

Question 8

what is the formula for relative atomic mass?

Answer 8

(isotope abundance x isotope mass number) / sum of all the isotopes

Question 9

what is a compound?

Answer 9

atoms joined together ( two or more)

Question 10

METAL + NON-METAL

Answer 10

ionic binding

ions

Question 11

NON-METAL + NON- METAL

Answer 11

covalent bonding

molecules

Question 12

method of chromatography?

Answer 12

• filter paper with a line drawn IN PENCIL
• draw a pot of ink on line
• place the filter paper in a beaker with water or a solvent ( UNDER ink sample)
• place lid (stop evaporation)
• wait 15 minutes till ink separates out and solvent has moved up the filter paper

Question 13

what is filtration used for?

Answer 13

insoluble solids and liquids

Question 14

method for crystallisation?

Answer 14

• pour solution into evaporating basin
• gently heat over a bunsen burner
• when you can see crystals start to form remove from heat
• let the rest evaporate in root temperature
• pat dry

Question 15

MAIN STEPS for crystallisation:

Answer 15

DISSOLVE
FILTER
EVAPORATE

Question 16

what is distillation used for?

Answer 16

to separate out solutions

eg. pure water from sea water
- uses a condenser, thermometer, bunsen

Question 17

who created the idea of the plum pudding model?

Answer 17

THOMSON

Question 18

who conducted the alpha particle scattering experiment?

Answer 18

RUTHERFORD

Question 19

what did the alpha particle scattering experiment lead to?

Answer 19

discovery of the NUCLEUS

Question 20

who suggested that electrons were contained in shells?

Answer 20

BOHR

Question 21

who discovered neutrons?

Answer 21

CHADWICK

Question 22

how were atoms arranged in the 1800’s?

Answer 22

by atomic mass

Question 23

what was Mendeleev’s periodic table like?

Answer 23

• had gaps (to make predictions and leave room for undiscovered elements)
• even though it was organised by atomic mass it grouped similar properties together

Question 24

what is a column on the modern periodic table?

Answer 24

elements with similar properties

Question 25

what are the vertical columns on the periodic table?

Answer 25

GROUPS

Question 26

what are rows on the periodic table?

Answer 26

PERIODS

Question 27

what ions do metals form ?

Answer 27

POSITIVE

Question 28

properties of metal:

Answer 28

• strong
• conduct heat and electricity
• high boiling and melting point

Question 29

properties of non-metals?

Answer 29

• dull looking
• brittle
• aren’t always solid
• low density
• don’t generally conduct electricity

Question 30

what are group one metals?

Answer 30

• ALKALI METALS
  reactive and soft
  one electron in the outer shell
  similar properties

Question 31

group one metals reacting with chlorine:

Answer 31

• vigorous reaction

- for metal chloride salt

Question 32

what are halogens?

Answer 32

non metals with coloured vapour

Question 33

what colour vapour do the halogens form?

Answer 33

FLUORINE: yellow gas
CHLORINE: dense green gas
BROMINE: red- brown volatile liquid
IODINE: dark grey solid / purple vapour

Question 34

what do group 0 elements inherit?

Answer 34

colourless gas