Atomic Structure & Ionic Bonding Flashcards
(33 cards)
Explain John Dalton’s atomic theory.
In the early 1800’s John Dalton said that everything is made out of small, individual particles he called “atoms” after the Greek word “atomos”, which means indivisible.
Explain JJ Thompson’s atomic theory.
JJ Thompson proposed the “plum pudding” model of the atom in 1897. This model stated that the negative electrons were embedded in a positive sphere (like the raisins in a plum pudding).
Explain Rutherford’s atomic model.
In 1911 Rutherford stated that electrons randomly orbit a positive nucleus as opposed to the plum pudding model. This was named the planetary model.
Who discovered the neutron and why was it discovered last?
James Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1932. It was discovered last because it is neutral, making it hard to find. This led to todays model of an atom where we have a central nucleus containing both positive and neutral particles with negative electrons orbiting them in shells.
An atom is composed of a small, dense 1._______ charged nucleus at the centre composed of 2._______ and 3._______ (most of the mass) with 4._______ charged electrons in 5._______ orbiting the 6._______.
- positively 2. protons 3. neutrons 4. negatively 5. shells 6. nucleus
Complete this table:
Particle: Relative mass (atomic mass units): Relative Charge: Position
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Particle: Relative mass (atomic mass units): Relative charge: Position:
Proton: 1 +1 Nucleus
Neutron: 1 0 Nucleus
Electron: 1/1840 -1 Shells
Define the atomic number.
This is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. It is also equal to the number of electrons.
Define the mass number.
This is the total number of protons and neutrons in (the nucleus of) an atom.
Define an element.
An element is a substance that consists of only one type of atom and cannot be broken down into anything simpler by chemical means.
The amount of protons in an atom is equal to it’s _______.
Atomic number
As an atom is electronically neutral, then the number of _______ must be equal to the number of _______.
Protons and electrons
The number of neutrons in an atom is equal to the _______.
Mass number - atomic number
Using your periodic table, give the electronic structure of sodium.
(2,8,1)
How many electrons can fit in shells 1, 2 and 3?
Shell 1: 2 electrons
Shell 2: 8 electrons
Shell 3: 8 electrons
Give the electronic structure for an element with a mass number of 39 and 20 neutrons.
2,8,8,1 (atomic number = 19)
Using your periodic table, give the electronic structure of fluorine.
(2,7)
Using your periodic table, give the electronic structure of magnesium.
(2,8,2)
Using your periodic table, give the electronic structure of aluminium.
(2,8,3)
What is the name given to an atom with a charge?
The name given to a charged atom is an ion.
What is the name given to a positive atom?
A positively charged atom is called a cation (cats have paws so cat-ions are pawsitive).
What is the name given to a negative atom?
A negative atom is called an anion (onions make you cry so anions are negative).
Using your periodic table, find how many electrons a chlorine atom would have to gain/lose to become an ion.
Chlorine atom —gains 1 electron—> chloride ion
What happens to the names of anions compared to their cation counterparts?
An anion will have the end of it’s name changed to “ide” (E.g oxygen - oxide) whereas cations have no name change at all.
Using your periodic table, find how many electrons a nitrogen atom would have to gain/lose to become an ion.
Nitrogen atom —gains 3 electrons—> nitride ion
