Atomic Structure / Nuclear

Question 1

When’s the relative charge for p / n / e ?

Answer 1

P +1
N 0
E -1

Question 2

What’s the relative mass of p / n / e ?

Answer 2

P 1
N 1
E 0 ( very small )

Question 3

Who started the thought matter to be made of indivisible particles?

Answer 3

Ancient Greeks

Question 4

Who created the plum pudding?

Answer 4

JJ Thomson

Question 5

Who discovered that nucleus was small and positively charged?

Answer 5

Ernest Rutherford

Question 6

How did Ernest Rutherford find out his theory?

Answer 6

Finding that most alpha particles were straight through a gold ‘leaf’ very few deflected back

Question 7

Who discovered that electrons exist in shells?

Answer 7

Neil’s Bohr

Question 8

Who determined that the nucleus must contain NEUTRONS as wells as protons?

Answer 8

James Chadwick

Question 9

History of the atomic structure :

Answer 9

Ancient Greeks - idea
JJ Thomson - plum pudding
Ernest Rutherford - nucleus = small & + charged
Neil’s Bohr - electrons in shells
James Chadwick - nucleus has NEUTRONS as well as protons

Question 10

What’s a isotope ?

Answer 10

Same elements but different numbers of neutrons

Question 11

Unstable nuclei will decay to become

Answer 11

More stable

Question 12

What is alpha particle?

Answer 12

Helium
2 protons + 2 neutrons

Nucleus ejects a helium nucleus

Question 13

What is a beta particle?

Answer 13

Fast moving electron

A neutron decays into a proton + electron

Question 14

What is a gamma particle?

Answer 14

EM wave ( high energy )

Question 15

How does an alpha decay look like in an equation?

Answer 15

4
a
2

Alpha = large nuclei

Question 16

How does an beta decay look like in an equation?

Answer 16

0
B
-1

Beta = smaller nuclei

Question 17

High energy electron is

Answer 17

Beta radiation

Question 18

Gamma is a high energy EM wave that can be emitted by a nucleus but isn’t a ____

Answer 18

Decay but a nucleus having excess energy

Question 19

All types of nuclear radiation ionise what?

Answer 19

Other atoms

Question 20

Nuclear radiation can be dangerous and can be detected with

Answer 20

A Geiger Muller ( GM ) tube

Question 21

What’s the mass of alpha?

Answer 21

4

Question 22

What’s the mass of beta & gamma?

Answer 22

0

Question 23

What’s the charge of alpha?

Answer 23

+2

Question 24

What’s the charge of beta?

Answer 24

-1

Question 25

What’s the charge of gamma?

Answer 25

0

Question 26

What’s the ionising power of each radiation?

Answer 26

Alpha - high Beta - medium Gamma - low

Question 27

What’s the penetrating ability for alpha?

Answer 27

Low Absorbed by paper / few m of air

Question 28

What’s the penetrating ability of beta?

Answer 28

Medium Absorbed by a few mm of aluminium

Question 29

What’s the penetrating ability of gamma?

Answer 29

High Reduced by lead

Question 30

Alpha is used in

Answer 30

Smoke detectors

Question 31

Beta is used in

Answer 31

Thickness gauge

Question 32

Gamma is used in

Answer 32

Radiotherapy Gamma knife & sterilisation

Question 33

Radioactivity is

Answer 33

Rate of decay in a sample of radiation material

Question 34

What’s the unit of radioactivity?

Answer 34

Bq

Question 35

Over time, activity decreases due to what?

Answer 35

Fewer unstable nuclei left

Question 36

Half-time - time it takes for the activity to halve

Question 37

What’s the highest ionising radiation?

Answer 37

Alpha

Question 38

Penetrating power absorbed materials for the radiation

Answer 38

Alpha - paper Beta - aluminium Gamma - lead

Question 39

What’s the most penetrating of the three radiations?

Answer 39

Gamma