Atomic Structure P4 Flashcards
(42 cards)
Ancient Greeks thought matter to be made of…
Invisible Particles
JJ Thomson created the…
Plum Pudding Model
Ernest Rutherford discovered that the…..by doing the…
Nucleus is small and positively charged……Alpha Particle Scattering Experiment
Niels Bohr discovered…
That electrons exist and orbit the nucleus in shells
James Chadwick determined that…
The nucleus must contain NEUTRONS as well as protons
Radius of an atom =
1 x 10 -10m
Radius of a nucleus =
1 x 10-14m
Mass number =
Protons + Neutrons
Atomic number =
Protons
Define isotope
The same element (Protons and Electrons) but with a different number of neutrons
Relative charge of a proton
+1
Relative mass of a proton
1
Relative charge of a neutron
0
Relative mass of a neutron
1
Relative charge of an electron
-1
Relative mass of an electron
0 (very small)
Gamma radiation is a
High energy electromagnetic wave that can be emitted by a nucleus but this not decay; the nucleus just has too much energy
Why is nuclear radiation dangerous?
They can ionise other atoms/molecules, which can be dangerous
Why is nuclear radiation dangerous?
They can ionise other atoms/molecules, which can be dangerous
Alpha radiation is adding a helium nuclei, so ___ is taken away from the original mass number and ___ is taken away from the original atomic number
1) 4
2) 2
During beta decay, the original mass number is unchanged but the the original atomic number has ___ added to it
1
4 Types of background radiation (radiation in the atmosphere)
-Cosmic rays from space
-Radon Gas from rocks
-Nuclear Weapons
-Medical Equipment
Mass of Alpha Radiation (Helium Nuclei)
4
Ionising power of Alpha Radiation
High
