Atomic Structure/Periodic Table Flashcards
Atomic number
- The number of protons in an atom’s nuclei
Mass Number
- The mass of one particular isotope
- The protons and neutrons of a isotope
How do you find the neutron number of an isotope when you have the Atomic number and mass number?
Mass number - Atomic number = Neutrons
Isotope
- Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
- Same Atomic number, different atomic mass
Ion
- Atoms that have gained or lost electrons
- Ruins balance of protons and electrons, thus having a negative or positive charge
Electronegativity
- Scale to represent how much the atom wants electrons
Ionic Bond
- A metal atom gives an electron to a non-metal electron to have a stable/full shell
- EN is greater than 1.7
Covalent Bond
- Two non-metal atoms share electrons to have a stable/full shell
- EN is less than 0.4
Polar Covalent Bond
- Two non-metal atoms with different ENs share electrons unevenly to have a stable/full shell
- An extreme Polar covalent bond is an ionic bond
- EN is greater than 0.4 but less that 1.7
Bonding Pair
- The pairs of electrons shared in Covalent bonding
Lone Pair
- The pairs of electrons not involved in the sharing process of Covalent bonding
Atomic mass
- Units used to represent the mass (weight without gravity) of elements
- Based off of Hydrogen 1
- Average number of protons and neutrons for isotopes of the element
- Approximate to Mass number
- Early Periodic Tables were ordered by increasing Atomic mass
Periods
- Horizontal
- Number of electron shells
Ex. Row 3 = 3 electron shells - Periods span across long ——– spans of time
Order of Families
Alkali metals(Needs to give away one electron to be stable, 2nd most reactive), Alkali earth metals, transition metals, representative metals, Metalloid(Elements surrounding this staircase have metal and non-metal properties), Halogens(Need one electron to be stable, very reactive), Noble gases(Full valence shells, very low reactivity)
What are the two lower rows called?
Lanthanides and Actinides
How do you read electron shells from the periodic table?
- Rows goes from 2 - 8- 18 - 32
- 3rd and 4th row have a hole shape
- 3rd role includes Lanthanides
Families
- Elements in the same columns have similar properties
- The similarities are more obvious the more you move down the table
- Up Down (That one tall family)
Trends in Atomic Radii (How big the atom is)
- Excluding Noble gases, size increases as you go left/bottom
Trends in Ionization Energy (Energy needed to give away Electrons)
- The fuller the valence shell (To the right), the higher the Ionization energy
- The smaller the atomic mass is, the higher the ionization energy
Metallic character
- Like the Atomic Radii, they increase as you go left/bottom
