Atomic Structure + Periodic Table

Question 1

Who discovered the electron

Answer 1

J.J Thomson

Question 2

What did J.J Thomson call his model
Why

Answer 2

The plum pudding model
The electrons are thrown into the ball of positive charge like raisins in a plum pudding

Question 3

What did Rutherford call his new model of the atom

Answer 3

The nuclear model

Question 4

What does the nuclear model show

Answer 4

Mass of atom concentrated at the centre which is the nucleus
Nucleus if positively charged

Question 5

Name of Rutherfords experiment

Answer 5

Gold foil experiment

Question 6

What happened during the gold foil experiment
What did this show

Answer 6

Most alpha particles went straight through the foil but a through scattered in other directions and bounced off
Because most of them went through the atom must be mostly empty space and because some of them bounced off the atom must be positively charged

Question 7

What did Niels Bohr discover

Answer 7

The electrons orbit the nucleus in shells at fixed distances and that the nucleus contains small particles called protons

Question 8

Who discovered the neutron

Answer 8

James Chadwick

Question 9

What is the relative mass of protons, neutrons and electrons

Answer 9

Proton - 1
Neutron - 1
Electron - very small

Question 10

What is the relative charge of an electron, proton and neutron

Answer 10

Electron - -1
Proton - +1
Neutron - 0

Question 11

Calculate the PEN of carbon

Answer 11

P-6
E-6
N-8

Question 12

Calculate the PEN of copper

Answer 12

P-29
E-29
N-34.5

Question 13

What is an isotope

Answer 13

Atoms that have the same number of protons but different neutrons

Question 14

Formula for relative atomic mass

Answer 14

(% of isotope x mass of isotope) + (% of isotope 2 x mass of isotope 2)
Divided by 100

Question 15

What is the maximum amount of electrons each shell can hold

Answer 15

1-2
2-8
3-8
4-2

Question 16

What is the electronic configuration for
Carbon
Oxygen
Chlorine
Helium
Boron
Sodium

Answer 16

2-4
2-6
2-8-7
2
2-3
2-8-1

Question 17

What does the group number show

Answer 17

The number of electrons in the outer shell

Question 18

What does the period number show

Answer 18

The number of shells

Question 19

What is an ion

Answer 19

A charged particle that has gained or lost electrons

Question 20

Do metals gain or lose electrons

Answer 20

Loose

Question 21

Do non-metals lose of gain electrons

Answer 21

Gain

Question 22

PEN for Sodium+

Answer 22

P-11
E-10
N-12

Question 23

PEN for fluorine -

Answer 23

P-9
E-10
N-10

Question 24

PEN for magnesium +2

Answer 24

P-12
E-10
N-12

Question 25

PEN for aluminium +3

Answer 25

P-13 E-10 N-14

Question 26

PEN for sulfur -2

Answer 26

P-16 E-18 N-16

Question 27

What makes an element stable

Answer 27

Having a full outer shell

Question 28

What does the atomic number show

Answer 28

Number of protons

Question 29

How did newland arrange the elements

Answer 29

Arranged known elements in order of increasing atomic weight and noticed a pattern. This became known as the law of octaves as the pattern repeated every 8 elements

Question 30

How did Mendeleev arrange the elements

Answer 30

Placed elements in order of atomic weight but swapped some so they would be in groups of similar properties. To make this work he had to leave gaps for undiscovered elements He even predicted them and their atomic weight

Question 31

How was Mendeleevs periodic table change and why

Answer 31

Changed to order of atomic number because now isotopes had been discovered

Question 32

What ions do metals form when they react

Answer 32

Positive ions

Question 33

What ions do non metals form when they react

Answer 33

Negative ions

Question 34

Why are group 0 elements unreactive

Answer 34

They already have a full outer shell so have a stable arrangement

Question 35

List the group 1 elements

Answer 35

Lithium Sodium Potassium Robidium Caesium

Question 36

How do group 1 metals react with water

Answer 36

Fizzes, melts into a ball Potassium burns with lilac flame Further down the group they react faster and burn with a flame

Question 37

What does a metal + water produce

Answer 37

Metal hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 38

What is the trend in reactivity down group 1

Answer 38

Reactivity increases down the group as the outer electrons are further away from the nucleus so can be losses easily because the force is weaker

Question 39

What is produced when a metal reacts oxygen

Answer 39

A metal oxide

Question 40

what is produced when a metal reacts with chlorine

Answer 40

Metal chloride

Question 41

What happens to the melting/boiling point as you go down group 1

Answer 41

Decreases

Question 42

What are group 7 elements known as

Answer 42

Halogens

Question 43

What is a diatomic molecule

Answer 43

A molecule made up of 2 atoms H2,O2, N2

Question 44

Wat happens to the boiling and melting point as you go down group 7

Answer 44

Increases

Question 45

Why does the melting/boiling point increase down group 7

Answer 45

The molecules get larger meaning the force between them gets stronger so it takes more energy to overcome them

Question 46

What coloured gas/liquid do the following produce Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine

Answer 46

Yellow gas Green gas Brown/orange liquid Forms purple vapour when boiled

Question 47

What is the trend in reactivity as you go down group 7

Answer 47

Reactivity decreases down the group

Question 48

Why does reactivity decrease down group 7

Answer 48

Because the outer shell electron is further from the nucleus so it is hard to gain another electron