Atomic Structures And The Periodic Table Flashcards
(36 cards)
What does the periodic table display?
All the elements
Who argued that everything in the world was made up of particles so small they could not be cut in half?
Democritus
What did he call these tiny things?
Atoms
What Greek word does this come from and what does it mean?
Atoms and it means tiny (invisible)
When did John Dalton refine the idea?
1800’s Dalton’s Atomic Theory
What are the names of the atoms’ sub atomic particles?
Protons, neutrons and electrons
Where is the cluster of protons and neutrons found?
Nucleus
Where do the electrons live?
Shells
How are atoms organized on the Periodic table?
Atomic Number
Draw and label a diagram of 4
He
2
Look at book
What must the number of protons be equal to?
Number of electrons
What determines what element it is?
The number of protons (or electrons). The numbers of protons is equal to the atomic number of the element.
What is the mass number?
The mass number is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus
What is the number of neutrons equal to?
Mass number - number of protons
Where do the electrons go?
The electrons orbit the nucleus of the atom and they are arranged in shells. The maximum number of electrons which can be contained in each shell is: 1st shell= 2, 2nd shell= 8, 3rd shell= 8. The first shell must be full before there can be any electrons in the second shell, the second shell must be full before any electrons can enter the third shell and so on.
Give an example of the electronic structure?
For example there are three electrons in a lithium atom. Two of these electrons are in the first shell, the remaining electron is in the second shell this is represented by 2,1 which is known as lithium’s electronic structure. Since sulfur has 16 electrons, its electronic structure is 2, 8, 6.
What is the electronic structure of carbon, with an atomic number of 6?
2,4
What is the electronic structure of neon, with an atomic number of 10?
2,8
What is the electronic structure of magnesium, with an atomic number of 12?
2,8,2
What is the electronic structure of argon, with an atomic number of 18?
2,8,8
What is the electronic structure of calcium, with an atomic number of 20?
2,8,8,2
What are the observations of lithium and water?
Fizzes slowly across the surface. Gives off a gas. The lithium disappears. Heat given off. Metal shrinks and disappears
What are the observations of sodium and water?
Fizzes quickly across the surface. Melts into a little ball. Gives off a gas. Heat given off. Metal shrinks and disappears.
What are the observations of potassium ans water?
Fizzes quickly across the surface. Burns with a lilac flame. Heat given off. Gas produced. Potassium gets smaller then disappears
