Atoms

Question 1

Daltons atomic theory (4)

Answer 1

1) everything is made of atoms
2) atoms of the same element are identical, vice versa
3) atoms of diff elements combine in whole # ratios to make compounds
4) chemical reactions involve the rearrangements of atoms. no new atoms are created/destroyed

Question 2

subatomic particles

Answer 2

proton, electron, neutron

Question 3

charge of proton

Answer 3

+

Question 4

charge of electron

Answer 4

-

Question 5

charge of neutron

Answer 5

0

Question 6

proton relative mass

Answer 6

1

Question 7

electron relative mass

Answer 7

0

Question 8

neutron relative mass

Answer 8

1

Question 9

what is the atomic #

Answer 9

number of protons

Question 10

what is the mass number

Answer 10

how many protons + neutrons

Question 11

how many electrons are in an atom

Answer 11

same as # of protons

Question 12

what is the charge of an atom?

Answer 12

0/neutral

Question 13

what is an isotope

Answer 13

atoms with a diff number of neutrons and same number of protons

Question 14

amu formula

Answer 14

avg = mass1(percentage1) +…

Question 15

who is mendeleev

Answer 15

russian chemist who created the first periodic table

Question 16

who is henry mosley

Answer 16

chemis who arranged periodic table to what we use today (increased atomic #)

Question 17

why is the periodic table called the periodic table

Answer 17

because of the periodic repetition

Question 18

what is a group/family

Answer 18

verticale rows of the periodic table

have similar reactions

Question 19

what is a period

Answer 19

a horizontal row in the periodic table

Question 20

what are metal

Answer 20

• largest region
• conduct heat/electricity
• lustrous
  -malleable
  -ductile

Question 21

what are metalloids

Answer 21

• have properties of metals and nonmetals

Question 22

what are noble gases

Answer 22

group 8 elements
-exist in gaseous state at normal temp and are non reactive with other metals

Question 23

what are alkali metals

Answer 23

group 1 elements
-highly reactive

Question 24

what are alkaline metals

Answer 24

group 2 elements

Question 25

smallest particle of an element?

Answer 25

atom

Question 26

what particles form the nucleus?

Answer 26

protons & neutrons

Question 27

how does the mass of a neutron compare to mass of a proton

Answer 27

basically the same, proton slightly heavier

Question 28

atoms of the same elements arent always identical because...

Answer 28

of isotopes

Question 29

what is the charge of the nucleus

Answer 29

positive

Question 30

how to write nuclear symbols

Answer 30

mass # Element atomic #

Question 31

what are halogens

Answer 31

non metals in period 17

Question 32

what are sig figs

Answer 32

include all of the digits that are known plus one more that is estimated

Question 33

rules for counting sig figs (4)

Answer 33

1) numbers other than 0 always count (ex. 3645 has 4 sig figs) 2) leading zeros do NOT count (ex. 0.0845 has 3 sig figs) 3) captive zeroes are always sig figs (ex. 16.07 has 4 sig figs) 4) trailing zeros are only sig figs if there’s a decimal point (ex. 2500.000 has 7 sig figs)

Question 34

special situations where there’s an unlimited amount of sig figs (2)

Answer 34

1) counted items (ex. 12 people or 425 thumbtacks) 2) exactly defined quantities

Question 35

how to convert grams

Answer 35

x1000 x1000 kg ———> grams———-> mg <——— <———- /1000 /1000

Question 36

how to convert meters

Answer 36

milli-meter = 1000mm for 1m centi-meter= 100 cm for 1m

Question 37

density formula

Answer 37

d=m/v

Question 38

is density a physical or chemical property?

Answer 38

physical

Question 39

as density decreases, temperature…

Answer 39

increases

Question 40

what is matter

Answer 40

matter is anything that 1) has mass 2) has volume (takes up space)

Question 41

what are chemical properties

Answer 41

a property that can k my be observed by changing the composition of the material (ex. flammability, decomposition, fermentation)

Question 42

what are physical properties

Answer 42

a property that can be observed and measured without changing the materials composition (ex. color, hardness, melting & boiling points) if you can reverse it, it’s a physical change

Question 43

who created the current periodic table

Answer 43

henry mosely

Question 44

who created the first periodic table

Answer 44

mendeleev

Question 45

what is an ion

Answer 45

a charged particle

Question 46

two types of ions

Answer 46

1) cation 2) anion

Question 47

what is a cation

Answer 47

ion with + charge

Question 48

what is an anion

Answer 48

ion with - charge

Question 49

what is electron configuration

Answer 49

ways elections are arranged in orbitals

Question 50

what are the rules of electron configuration (3)

Answer 50

1) aufbau principle: electrons enter the lowest energy level first 2) pauli principle: only 2 electrons per orbital 3) hunds rule: when electrons occupy orbital of equal energy

Question 51

what are unpaired electrons

Answer 51

an orbital with only one electron instead of 2

Question 52

what are valence electrons

Answer 52

the highest principle energy level

Question 53

what is the periodic trend for atomic size

Answer 53

increases as it goes ⬇️ increases as it goes ⬅️

Question 54

what ionization energy

Answer 54

ionization energy is the amount of energy it takes to completely remove and election from a gaseous atom

Question 55

what are the periodic trends for ionization

Answer 55

increases ⬆️ increases ➡️

Question 56

periodic trend of melting/boiling point

Answer 56

highest in the middle

Question 57

what is electronegativity

Answer 57

tendency for an atom to attract electrons to itself when combined with another atom

Question 58

what are the periodic trends for electronegativitiy’s size

Answer 58

increases ⬆️ increases ➡️

Question 59

what is empiricle formula

Answer 59

lowest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound

Question 60

what is molecular formula

Answer 60

the true number of atoms of each element

Question 61

how do you do molar conversions

Answer 61

mols x molar mass= mass mols x 22.4 = volume mols x 6.02 x 10^23= molecules

Question 62

what are ionic compounds

Answer 62

metal + another metal

Question 63

what are covalent compounds

Answer 63

metal + nonmetal