Atoms

Question 1

What makes up all living matter?

Answer 1

Atoms make up all living matter.

Question 2

What are atoms made up of?

Answer 2

Atoms are made up of subatomic particles like protons, neutrons, and electrons, empty space

Question 3

How are elements arranged on the periodic table?

Answer 3

Elements on the periodic table move in columns and rows. Columns go downwards and up, and rows go side to side.

Question 4

What are the three main groups of the periodic table?

Answer 4

The three main groups of the periodic table are metals, metalloids, and nonmetals.

Question 5

What are rows in the periodic table called?

Answer 5

Rows in the periodic table are called periods.

Question 6

What do elements in a period have in common?

Answer 6

Each element in a period has the same number of occupied electron shells.

Question 7

What are columns in the periodic table called?

Answer 7

Columns in the periodic table are called groups.

Question 8

Where are protons and neutrons located?

Answer 8

Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus.

Question 9

What do elements in a group have in common?

Answer 9

Each element in a group has the same number of valence electrons.

Question 10

What is the size and composition of atoms?

Answer 10

Atoms are very small and are mostly empty space.

Question 11

What is the charge and mass of protons?

Answer 11

Protons are positively charged, 1 amu, located in the nucleus.

Question 12

What is the charge and mass of neutrons?

Answer 12

Neutrons have no charge, 1 amu, and are located in the nucleus.

Question 13

What is the charge and mass of electrons?

Answer 13

Electrons have a negative charge, 0 amu, and are located in shells that orbit the nucleus.

Question 14

What does the atomic number represent?

Answer 14

The atomic number tells us the number of protons in a nucleus.

Question 15

What does the mass number represent?

Answer 15

The mass number tells us the number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus.

Question 16

Do electrons contribute much to the overall mass of the atom?

Answer 16

Electrons are very small and do not contribute much to the overall mass of the atom.

Question 17

Who invented the solid sphere model and when?

Answer 17

John Dalton invented the solid sphere model in 1803.

Question 18

What did JJ Thompson discover?

Answer 18

JJ Thompson discovered electrons and created the plum pudding model in 1904.

Question 19

What did Ernest Rutherford discover?

Answer 19

Nuclear model in 1911
-discovered that an atom is mostly empty space
-positively charged nucleus

Question 20

What did Niels Bohr discover?

Answer 20

Niels Bohr discovered the planetary model in 1913, stating that electrons move in electron shells.

Question 21

What did Erwin Schrödinger invent?

Answer 21

Erwin Schrödinger invented the Quantum model, stating that electrons do not move in set paths.

Question 22

Who discovered neutrons?

Answer 22

James Chadwick discovered the neutrons.

Question 23

What is the formula for calculating the number of electrons in each shell?

Answer 23

The formula is 2n squared.

Question 24

How many electrons can the first three shells hold?

Answer 24

The first shell can hold 2 electrons, the second shell can hold 8, and the third shell can hold 18.

Question 25

What do electrons prefer in terms of energy state?

Answer 25

Electrons prefer lower state energy.

Question 26

What is an isotope?

Answer 26

An isotope is when an atom has the same amount of protons while the neutrons change.

Question 27

What is an ion?

Answer 27

An ion is a particle that loses or gains electrons.

Question 28

What is a cation?

Answer 28

A cation is when an atom gives away electrons. (looses)

Question 29

What is an anion?

Answer 29

An anion is when an atom takes electrons.

Question 30

What is an element?

Answer 30

atom adds or removes protons to change elements, pure substance

Question 31

What is a molecule?

Answer 31

A molecule is when 2 or more atoms chemically bond together.

Question 32

What does the Bohr model state about electron shells?

Answer 32

The Bohr model states that the innermost shells can only take 2 electrons while the next can take 8 and 18 electrons.

Question 33

What is the octet rule?

Answer 33

The octet rule states that all atoms want to have a full eight electrons in their outer shell to be stable.

Question 34

Why are some isotopes unstable?

Answer 34

Some isotopes are unstable because the neutrons change, causing one of the neutrons to convert into protons.

Question 35

How do you calculate the relative atomic mass?

Answer 35

To calculate the relative atomic mass, multiply the mass number of each isotope by its relative abundance, sum these products, and then divide by 100.

Question 36

What makes nuclei in most atoms stable?

Answer 36

Nuclei in most atoms are stable if the protons and neutrons hold together.

Question 37

What are unstable isotopes called?

Answer 37

Isotopes that are unstable decay to form other elements called radioisotopes.

Question 38

What is nuclear radiation?

Answer 38

Energy emitted by radioactive substances is called nuclear radiation as it comes from the nucleus.

Question 39

What did Rutherford show about nuclear radiation?

Answer 39

Rutherford showed that there were 3 different types of nuclear radiation: alpha, beta, and gamma rays.

Question 40

What do alpha particles contain?

Answer 40

Alpha particles contain helium nuclei.

Question 41

What are the characteristics of alpha particles?

Answer 41

Alpha particles have 2 protons and 2 neutrons, contain a positive charge, and cannot travel easily through materials.

Question 42

What can stop alpha particles?

Answer 42

Alpha particles can be stopped by paper and skin.

Question 43

What damage can alpha particles cause?

Answer 43

Alpha particles cause serious damage if inhaled.

Question 44

What are beta particles similar to?

Answer 44

Beta particles have the same mass and size as electrons.

Question 45

What can beta particles penetrate and not penetrate?

Answer 45

Beta particles can penetrate thin layers of skin and damage living tissue but cannot penetrate plastic, wood, or aluminum.

Question 46

What are gamma rays?

Answer 46

Gamma rays are bursts of energy released after alpha or beta particles are emitted.

Question 47

What can stop gamma rays?

Answer 47

Gamma rays can only be stopped by a thick shield of lead or concrete.

Question 48

What is the charge of gamma rays?

Answer 48

Gamma rays have no charge.