Atoms

Question 1

What was John Dalton’s theory on atom structure?

Answer 1

That it was a solid ball

Question 2

Name 3 of the 4 things John Dalton thought

Answer 2

1) All matter is made of atoms
2) Atoms are indivisible and indestructible
3) Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms
4) Atoms of the same element are identical

Question 3

What was JJ Thompson’s idea on how the atom was structured?

Answer 3

The plumb pudding model

Question 4

What was JJ Thompson’s idea?

Answer 4

Atoms have negative particles called electrons. As atoms are neutral the electrons had to be in a positive charge.

Question 5

What experiment did Ernest Rutherford do?

Answer 5

Rutherford shot small particles in to a thin sheet of gold.

Question 6

What did Rutherford discover?

Answer 6

When he shot the particles into the sheet of gold he saw most went straight through. Some bounced straight back and some bounced into different directions.

Question 7

What did Rutherford’s discovery mean?

Answer 7

His discovery meant that atoms were mostly empty space with a small hard nucleus and some going around in shells

Question 8

What did Henry Moseley find?

Answer 8

Every element has a different number of protons. EG hydrogen has 1, helium has 2, lithium has 3 etc

Question 9

What was Chadwick’s discovery?

Answer 9

He found that there is a neutron in the nucleus that is thought to keep it together.

Question 10

What does the modern atom look like?

Answer 10

There is protons and neutrons in the nucleus and electrons going round in shells

Question 11

What is the proton relative mass and charge?

Answer 11

Relative mass=1

Relative Charge= +1

Question 12

What is electron relative mass and charge?

Answer 12

Relative mass = 1/1837

Relative charge= -1

Question 13

What is the neutrons relative mass and charge

Answer 13

Relative mass= 1

Relative charge= 0

Question 14

Atom comes from the Greek word atomos which means what?

Answer 14

‘A’ mean not and ‘tomos’ means cut

This means it it indivisible

Question 15

Atoms usually have no charge

Answer 15

There are equal numbers of protons and electrons in an atom

Question 16

The nucleus is tiny compared to the size of an atom

Answer 16

Most of the atom is empty space

Question 17

The properties of an element depend on its atomic structure

Answer 17

Atoms of the same element contain the same number of protons

Question 18

The nucleus of an atom contains chromosomes

Answer 18

False

The nucleus of an atom co rains protons and neutrons

Question 19

All atoms contain protons

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Atoms are big enough to see

Answer 20

False

You can only see them under a microscope

Question 21

Electrons are arranged in shells around the nucleus

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Electrons have a larger mass than protons and neutrons

Answer 22

Electrons have the smallest mass at 1/1837

Question 23

Electrons have a relative charge of +1

Answer 23

False

The electron has a relative charge of -1

Question 24

Neutrons are electrically neutral

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Protons have a relative charge of +1 and a relative mass on 1

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Is the mass number the top or bottom

Answer 26

It is the top number. Always the bigger number

Question 27

The atomic number is the top number

Answer 27

False it is the bottom number and the smallest

Question 28

27 Al 13 How many protons and neutrons are in aluminium?

Answer 28

``` 13e 13p 27-13= 14 Protons= 13 Electrons=13 Neutrons=14 ```

Question 29

What are isotopes?

Answer 29

Isotopes are different forms of the same element. They have different mass numbers and different neutron numbers too

Question 30

How do you work out averages?

Answer 30

``` 35 Cl (75%) 37 Cl (25%) 17 17 (75x35)+(25x37) ———————— 100 ``` = 2625 = 3550 = 35.5 ——- ——- 100 100

Question 31

Which way do groups go?

Answer 31

Group go up and down

Question 32

Which way do periods go?

Answer 32

Periods go left to right

Question 33

How can we divide the periodic table

Answer 33

Into metals and non metals

Question 34

How did Mendeleev arrange the elements?

Answer 34

According to their increasing atomic mass

Question 35

Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in his table

Answer 35

He knew there were undiscovered elements

Question 36

How are the elements in the modern periodic table different to Mendeleev’s

Answer 36

They are now arranged by the atomic number in rows

Question 37

Groups are....

Answer 37

Columns of similar chemical properties

Question 38

Periods are...

Answer 38

Row of elements in order of number

Question 39

What is group 1 called?

Answer 39

Alkali metals

Question 40

What is group 7 called?

Answer 40

The halogens

Question 41

What is group 0 called?

Answer 41

The noble gases

Question 42

Why did Mendeleev switch some elements around?

Answer 42

If they were switched around they would fit the pattern better

Question 43

Name 3 of the 4 rules on how electrons are arranged

Answer 43

1) always start with shell nearest the centre 2) this shell can only hold one or two electrons 3) then move to the second shell which can only hold 8 4) then once full move onto the next until full with 8 again

Question 44

Write out the electronic configuration for oxygen | Clue: atomic number 8

Answer 44

2,6

Question 45

Which number goes on top and which one on bottom

Answer 45

Mass number too | Atomic number bottom