atoms and elements

Question 1

On which part of the periodic table do you find non-metallic elements?

Answer 1

Right hand side

Question 2

What is the smallest part of an element that can exist?

Answer 2

Atom

Question 3

Group 1 in the periodic table is also known as

Answer 3

Alkali metals

Question 4

Group 7 in the periodic table is also known as

Answer 4

Halogens

Question 5

Helium, Neon, Argon and Krypton are found in group 0 and they are examples of

Answer 5

Noble gases

Question 6

Define a molecule

Answer 6

A defined group of non-metal atoms that are chemically bonded

Question 7

Define a compound

Answer 7

Two or more elements chemically bonded in a fixed ratio.

Question 8

Potassium phosphate contains potassium, phosphorous and what else?

Answer 8

Oxygen

Question 9

Define a mixture

Answer 9

Two or more elements or compounds are present without being chemically bonded together.

Question 10

Define a lattice

Answer 10

A regular three-dimensional arrangement of atoms (or ions) in a solid

Question 11

How does mass change in a chemical reaction?

Answer 11

It doesn’t. The total mass of reactants = total mass of products

Question 12

Which particles are found in the nucleus?

Answer 12

Protons and neutrons

Question 13

What is the charge of an electron?

Answer 13

Negative

Question 14

Which two subatomic particles have the same mass?

Answer 14

Protons and neutrons

Question 15

What is the overall charge of an atom?

Answer 15

Zero

Question 16

What does the atomic number tell us?

Answer 16

Number of protons. This determines the element.

Question 17

What does the mass number represent?

Answer 17

Number of protons + neutrons

Question 18

What is the charge of a neutron?

Answer 18

Zero. No charge

Question 19

How many electrons can fit on the first electron shell?

Answer 19

2

Question 20

What is the maximum number of electrons that can fit on the second electron shell?

Answer 20

8

Question 21

What can electron shells also represent?

Answer 21

Energy levels

Question 22

Life Processes

Answer 22

Boring

Question 23

Question

Answer 23

Answer

Question 24

Write the word equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 24

glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + (energy)

Question 25

From which system does the body obtain glucose for respiration?

Answer 25

The digestive system

Question 26

In which part of our cells does respiration mainly occur?

Answer 26

In the mitochondria

Question 27

What are the products of respiration?

Answer 27

Carbon dioxide, water

Question 28

How do we test for carbon dioxide?

Answer 28

Bubble through limewater; the limewater turns cloudy.

Question 29

The word "aerobic" indicates the presence of which gas?

Answer 29

Oxygen

Question 30

Which unit is energy usually measured in?

Answer 30

joules, J

Question 31

How many joules are there in 1 kilojoule?

Answer 31

1000J

Question 32

What is the symbol for kilojoule?

Answer 32

kJ (lower case k, capital J)

Question 33

If a food is high in energy, which nutrient/s is it likely to contain?

Answer 33

Lipids/fats, carbohydrates

Question 34

List the 7 nutrients needed by the human body

Answer 34

carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, water, fibre

Question 35

Foods high in which group help repair muscles?

Answer 35

Protein

Question 36

Why is fibre needed in our diet?

Answer 36

Add bulk to food to help it pass through the digestive system; prevents constipation

Question 37

Scurvy can occur when we don't get enough of which vitamin?

Answer 37

C

Question 38

Give 2 sources of vitamin C

Answer 38

Fruit and vegetables

Question 39

Rice, potato and bread are good sources of

Answer 39

Carbohydrates

Question 40

Meat, fish and nuts are good sources of

Answer 40

Protein

Question 41

Sugar and starch are both types of

Answer 41

Carbohydrate

Question 42

Which test do we use to detect for the presence of starch?

Answer 42

Iodine

Question 43

When testing for starch what colour change indicates a positive result?

Answer 43

Brown to black

Question 44

Which test do we use to detect for the presence of sugar?

Answer 44

Benedicts

Question 45

When testing for sugar what colour change indicates a positive result?

Answer 45

Blue to red

Question 46

Which test do we use to detect for the presence of protein?

Answer 46

Biuret

Question 47

When testing for protein what colour change indicates a positive result?

Answer 47

Blue to purple

Question 48

Which test do we use to detect for the presence of fats?

Answer 48

Ethanol

Question 49

When testing for fats what change indicates a positive result?

Answer 49

Cloudy emulsion formed

Question 50

What is digestion?

Answer 50

The process of breaking down food into substances our body can absorb and use

Question 51

Where does mechanical digestion mainly occur?

Answer 51

In the mouth

Question 52

List the organs the food will travel through on its way through the digestive system

Answer 52

Mouth, oesophogus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

Question 53

Which nutrient starts to be chemically digested in the mouth?

Answer 53

Carbohydrate

Question 54

Where does digestion of protein take place?

Answer 54

Stomach, small intestine

Question 55

Where does digestion of lipids take place?

Answer 55

Small intestine

Question 56

Which organ produces carbohydrase, protease and lipase?

Answer 56

Pancreas

Question 57

What is the purpose of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

Answer 57

Provides the right pH for the protease enzymes; kills bacteria

Question 58

What is the purpose of bile in the digestive system?

Answer 58

Neutralise the acid which was added to food in the stomach to give the best pH for enzymes to work. Break down (emulsify) fat

Question 59

Where is bile produced?

Answer 59

Liver

Question 60

Where is bile stored?

Answer 60

Gall bladder

Question 61

The site of maximum absorption in the digestive system is...

Answer 61

The small intestine

Question 62

During digestion, carbohydrate is broken down into

Answer 62

Glucose

Question 63

During digestion, protein is broken down into

Answer 63

Amino acid

Question 64

During digestion, lipids are broken down into

Answer 64

Fatty acid and glycerol

Question 65

Which enzyme digest protein?

Answer 65

Protease

Question 66

Which enzyme digests carbohydrates?

Answer 66

Carbohydrase

Question 67

Which enzyme digests fats?

Answer 67

Lipase

Question 68

Why is fibre not digested in the body?

Answer 68

Our bodies do not have enzymes that can digest fibre

Question 69

Why are vitamins and minerals not digested in the body?

Answer 69

They are small enough to be absorbed without digestion

Question 70

What is the purpose of bacteria in our gut?

Answer 70

Digest food we cannot (e.g. cellulose) to give us essential nutrients (e.g. vitamin K)

Question 71

In which part of the digestive system does water and mineral absorption take place

Answer 71

The large intestine

Question 72

How is the small intestine adapted to increase the rate of absorption?

Answer 72

Villi and microvilli to increase surface area; a good blood supply to transport nutrients; mucus for lubrication; glucose moves from a high concentration in the intestine to a lower concentration in the blood.

Question 73

What are the optimum conditions for amylase?

Answer 73

Neutral pH, 37 degreesC

Question 74

What happens to an enzyme if it is boiled or exposed to a strong acid?

Answer 74

It is denatured

Question 75

What is the scientific name for the windpipe?

Answer 75

Trachea

Question 76

The trachea divides into two ________. These then divide into __________

Answer 76

Bronchi. Bronchioles

Question 77

What are the air sacs at the end of each bronchiole called?

Answer 77

Alveoli

Question 78

Breathing in and out is also known as...

Answer 78

ventilation

Question 79

When we inhale, the volume inside the thorax ____________ so the pressure inside the thorax _____________

Answer 79

Increases. Decreases.

Question 80

When we exhale, the diaphragm relaxes and moves upward/downward?

Answer 80

upward

Question 81

What features do alveoli have to maximise gas exchange?

Answer 81

Large surface area; concentration gradient (oxygen and carbon dioxide can diffuse); good blood supply; capillary wall only 1 cell thick

Question 82

Write the word equation for anaerobic respiration in cells

Answer 82

glucose -> lactic acid

Question 83

Which releases more energy - aerobic or anaerobic respiration?

Answer 83

aerobic

Question 84

What is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells known as?

Answer 84

Fermentation

Question 85

Give an example of where fermentation is used

Answer 85

Brewing or baking