atoms, elements, and compounds 4

Question 1

neutron

Answer 1

neutrally charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom

Question 2

element symbol

Answer 2

the shorthand notation for an element, usually one or two letters

Question 4

atomic weight

Answer 4

the average amount of protons plus neutrons in an atom

Question 5

carbon-12

Answer 5

the most abundant form of carbon, with 6 protons and 6 neutrons

Question 6

carbon-14

Answer 6

a form of carbon with 6 protons and 8 neutrons, known for its radioactive properties

Question 7

hydrocarbon

Answer 7

any compound made of only carbon and hydrogen

Question 8

chemical bonds

Answer 8

forces that hold substances together, depending on the number of electrons in the cloud/shell

Question 9

atom

Answer 9

the basic unit of a chemical element, consisting of a nucleus surrounded by elctrons

Question 10

nucleus

Answer 10

the center of the atom that contains protons and neutrons

Question 11

proton

Answer 11

positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom

Question 12

electron

Answer 12

negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom

Question 13

element

Answer 13

a pure substance that cannot be broken down, made up of only one type of atom

Question 14

isotope

Answer 14

atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Question 15

compound

Answer 15

a substance formed when two or more elements combine, represented by a chemical formula

Question 16

covalent bond

Answer 16

a chemical bond formed by the sharing of outer electrons between two elements

Question 17

molecule

Answer 17

a group of two or more atoms bonded together

Question 18

ion

Answer 18

an atom that has lost or gained one or more electrons, resulting in an electric charge

Question 19

ionic bond

Answer 19

an electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms

Question 20

van der waals attraction

Answer 20

an attraction force between positive and negative regions of a molecule

Question 21

atomic number

Answer 21

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, typically equal to the number of electrons

Question 22

single bond

Answer 22

a covalent bond that shares 2 electrons

Question 23

double bond

Answer 23

a covalent bond that shares 4 electronst

Question 24

triple bond

Answer 24

a covalent bond that shares 6 electrons

Question 25

valence electrons

Answer 25

outer electrons that are involved in chemical bonding

Question 26

radioactive isotopes

Answer 26

isotopes that undergo decay, emitting radiation due to instability in the nucleus

Question 27

water (H2O)

Answer 27

a compound consisting of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, always in a fixed ratio

Question 28

hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)

Answer 28

a compound made of two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms, chemically different from water