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Chemistry P1 > atoms,elements,compounds > Flashcards

atoms,elements,compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

all substances are made from tiny particles called what?

A

atoms

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2
Q

what is the smallest part of an element that can exist?

A

an atom

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3
Q

atoms of each element are represented by what?

A

their own chemical symbol

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4
Q

Elements in the periodic table are arranged into groups with what?

A

similar properties

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5
Q

the groups on a periodic table are numbered what?

A

1-7 and then 0

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6
Q

on the periodic table where are the metals?

A

on the left

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7
Q

on the periodic table where are the non-metals?

A

on the right

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8
Q

a chemical formula is used for what?

A

to represent and element or compound in balanced chemical equations

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9
Q

come non-metal elements exist as molecules that are made up of what?

A

two atoms joined together

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10
Q

I Bring Clay For Our New Hous

A

iodine, bromine, chlorine, flourine, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen

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11
Q

what is a compound?

A

a substance that contains two or more elements that are chemically combined in fixed proportions

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12
Q

the elements in a compound are present in what proportions?

A

fixed proportions

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13
Q

a chemical formula can be used to represent what?

A

a compound

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14
Q

a chemical formula shows what?

A

the symbols for each element in the compound
the number of atoms of each element in a unit of the compound

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15
Q

are all compounds natural?

A

no, they can also be formed from their elements in chemical reactions.

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16
Q

in chemical reactions are new substances formed?

A

yes one or more new substance is formed

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17
Q

what do most chemical reactions involve?

A

energy changes

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18
Q

what is the only way to split up a compound in its elements

A

a chemical reaction

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19
Q

in compounds made up of non-metal elements only, the second word of the compound’s name starts with what?

A

mon- ,di-, tri-,

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20
Q

the second word of the compounds shows what?

A

the number of atoms the element has for every one atom of the first element in the name. e.g. CO2

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21
Q

what is an ion?

A

a charged particle formed when an atom, or group of atoms loses or gains electrons.

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22
Q

the number and sign of its electrical charges are shown in what?

A

subscript text

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23
Q

how can the formula of an ionic compound be predicted?

A

using the formula of its ions

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24
Q

the number of ions in a formula must give an equal number of what charges?

A

positive and negative charges.

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25
a word equation represents what?
a chemical reaction using the names of the substances involved.
26
reactions are substances that do what together in a chemical reaction?
react together
27
in a chemical reaction, the atoms or ions in reactants separate from one another then what happens?
they join back together in a different way to form products
28
the arrow in a chemical equation means what?
'reacts to make'
29
a balanced chemical equation represents what?
a chemical reaction using the formulae of reactants and products.
30
what dies a balanced chemical reaction show?
the number of units of each substance involved
31
sometimes state symbols are written after each formula
they show the physical state of the substance
32
what does the law of conservation of mass state?
no atoms are lost or made during a chemical reaction, so the total mass of the products is equal to the total mass of the reactants.
33
the law of conservation of mass means what?
that a chemical reaction can be represented by symbol equations.
34
what does a balanced equation symbol mean?
that there are the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the arrow
35
what is a pure substance?
consists only of one element or one compound a mixture consists of two or more different substances, not chemically joined together
36
the substance in a mixture can be elements, or compounds, or both. so what does that mean?
being part of a mixture does not change the chemical properties of the substances that are in it
37
how can mixtures be separated?
by a physical process - these do not involve chemical reactions and no new substances are made.
38
when is filtration used?
to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid. e,g, separating sand and water.
39
how does filtration work?
the filter paper has tiny holes or pores in it. these are large enough to let small molecules and dissolve ions through, but not the much larger particles of undissolved solid.
40
when is crystallisation used?
to produce solid crystals from a solution
41
how does crystallisation work?
when the solution is warmed, some of the solvent evaporates leaving crystals behind. e.g. copper sulphate crystals
42
what is simple distillation used for?
used to separate a solvent from a solution. it is useful for producing pure water from seawater
43
what is fractional distillation used for?
is used to separate different liquids from a mixture of liquids. it useful for separating ethanol from a mixture of ethanol and water, and fro separating different fractions from crude oil.
44
why does fractional distillation work?
because different liquids have different boiling points.
45
how does fractional distillation work?
water and ethanol solution is heated, the ethanol evaporates first, cools and then condenses, then the water evaporates, cools and condenses.
46
how does simple distillation work?
salt water is heated, the water vapour cools in the condenser and drips into a beaker, the water has condensed and is now in the beaker, the salt stays behind.
47
in fractional distillation when the mixture is heated what happens?
water vapour rises through a column which is hot at the bottom, and cooler at the top, vapours condense when they reach a part of the column that is below the temperature of their boiling point, each liquid is led away from the column.
48
what are the two ways of obtaining different liquids from the column?
by collecting different liquids from different parts of the column, the substance with the lowest boiling point is collected at the top of the column, by continuing to heat the mixture to increase the temperatures in the column, the substance with the lowest boiling point is collected first.
49
what is paper chromatography used for?
to separate mixtures of soluble substances. such as food colouring's, inks, dyes or plant pigments
50
how does paper chromatography work?
ink or plant dye is dotted along the pencil line, as the paper is lowered into the solvent, some of the dye spreads up the paper, the paper has absorbed the solvent and the dye has spread further up the paper.
51
what are the two phases chromatography relies on?
the stationary phase, which in paper chromatography is very uniform, absorbent paper. the mobile phase is the solvent that moves through the paper, carrying different substances with it
52
what causes the substances in chromatography to move at different rates through the paper?
the different dissolved substances in a mixture are attracted to the different phases in different proportions.
53
separation by chromatography produces what?
a chromatogram.
54
a paper chromatogram can be used go distinguish between what?
pure and impure substances
55
a pure susbtance produces what on the chromatogram?
one spot
56
an impure substance, or mixture produce what on the chromatogram?
two or more spots
57
a paper chromatogram can also be used to identify substances by comparing them with what?
known substances
58
two substances are likely to be the same if what?
they produce the same number of spots, and these match in colour, the spots travel the same distance up the paper.
59
who is dimitri medeleev and why is he so important?
he was a russian chemist, and in 1869 he wrote the first periodic table of the elements, in it he arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic weight . he also took into account the properties of the elements and their compounds.
60
what was the problem with mendeleev's periodic table?
it had gaps in it
61
what did medeleev's table show?
it showed elements with similar chemical properties lined up in groups.
62
in the modern periodic table how are elements arranged?
in rows - periods, and in order pf increasing atomic number, elements with similar properties are placed in vertical columns, called groups
63
the table is called the periodic table because elements with similar properties occur at regular intervals.
64
what didnt mendeleev know about?
isotopes
65
what is the electronic structure?
the way in which electrons are arranged in an atom
66
what do electrons in atoms occupy?
energy levels
67

Chemistry P1 (2 decks)

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