Atoms & Elements Review Flashcards
(39 cards)
Hypothesis
A general statement to answer the problem
Prediction
A specific statement to answer the problem (if, then, because)
Observation
The gathering of information using the five senses
Quantitative observations
Measures what we observe with the numbers
Qualitative observation
Describes what we observe with adjectives
Inference
Using observations to make a guess about the outcome
Independent variable (manipulated)
The variable that changes
Dependent variable (responding)
Observe what happens as a result of the independent variable/ change made.
Controls
Keep all the other variable is the same throughout the experiment
Accuracy
Describes how correct the data is
Precision
Describes how repeatable the data is
Random errors
Human errors; Limits the ability to make consistent and accurate measurements
Systematic errors
Occurs in equipment calibrations; is in all lab work
Experimental error
Explains why the measurements aren’t perfect and the errors are unavoidable.
Atomic radii
Measures how closely and atom lies to a neighbouring atom
Inner shielding
Effect by which other electrons shield a given electron given from some of the nucleus charge.
Ionization Energy
Energy required to remove a single electron from an element
Electronegativity
Attraction of an atom for a pair of electrons to itself.
Electron configuration
The arrangements of an electron in an atom.
Quantum mechanics
Probabilities of finding an electron At a particular time and space
Heisenberg
Fundamentally impossible to find an electron’s velocity and position
Quantum mechanical model
The understanding of where electrons act as waves
Principal Energy Levels
‘N’ specifies the atoms major energy level
Energy sub levels
Number of sub levels within an energy level is equal to N^2 squared
