atoms, ions and compounds- chapter 2

Question 1

what is an atom made up of

Answer 1

nucleus, protons, neutrons and electrons

Question 2

what has the smallest mass of the subatomic particles

Answer 2

electron- has 1/1836th the mass of a proton

Question 3

what charge does a… have
1. proton
2. electron
3. proton
4. neutron

Answer 3

1. positive
2. negative
3. equal but opposite the charge on an electron, the charges balance
4. no charge

Question 4

what is the relative charge of..
1. proton
2. neutron
3. electron

Answer 4

1. 1+
2. 0
3. 1-

Question 5

what is the relative mass of..
1. proton
2. neutron
3. electron

Answer 5

1. 1
2. 1
3. 1/1836

Question 6

every atom of the same element contains the…

Answer 6

…same number of protons

Question 7

different elements contain atoms that have…

Answer 7

…different numbers of protons

Question 8

what is the atomic number

Answer 8

the number of protons

Question 9

what are isotopes

Answer 9

atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and different masses

Question 10

what is the mass number

Answer 10

number of protons+number of neutrons

Question 11

what do isotopes of the same element have the same of

Answer 11

number of electrons

Question 12

what does the number of neutrons have an affect on

Answer 12

has no effect on reactions of an element

Question 13

what will small differences in physical properties be due to with higher mass isotopes

Answer 13

elements having a higher melting point, boiling point and density but chemical reactions are the same

Question 14

what is an ion

Answer 14

a charged atom, number of electron is different from the number of protons

Question 15

what are positive ions

Answer 15

cations, atoms with fewer electrons than protons, overall positive charge

Question 16

what are negative ions

Answer 16

anions, atoms with more electrons than protons, overall negative charge

Question 17

ions and atoms have the same number of … but a different number of …

Answer 17

protons
electrons

Question 18

do atoms of the left of the periodic table lose or gain electrons

Answer 18

lose to form cations

Question 19

do atoms of non-metals on the right side of the periodic table lose or gain electrons

Answer 19

gains to form anions

Question 20

what are binary compounds

Answer 20

contains two elements only

Question 21

what is a polyatomic ions

Answer 21

an ion may contain atoms of more than one element bonded together

Question 22

what does an ionic compound contain

Answer 22

a cation and an anion

Question 23

what are diatomic molecules

Answer 23

contains two atoms bonded together

Question 24

what are formula units

Answer 24

for ionic compounds, the formula worked out from the ionic charges is used in equations

Question 25

do covalent compounds have ions

Answer 25

no they don’t contain ions, most exist as molecules with a small number of atoms bonded together

Question 26

what is relative isotopic mass

Answer 26

the mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

Question 27

what is relative atomic mass

Answer 27

the weighted mean mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

Question 28

what 2 things does the weighted mean mass take account of

Answer 28

the percentage abundance of each isotope the relative isotopic mass of each isotope

Question 29

what does a mass spectrometer show

Answer 29

the percentage abundances of the isotopes in a sample of an element

Question 30

how does a mass spectrometer work

Answer 30

1. sample is placed in mass spectrometer 2. sample is vaporised and then ionised to form positive ion 3. ions are accelerated, heavier ions move more slowly and are more difficult to deflect than lighter ions, so the ions of each isotope are separated 4. ions are detected on a mass spectrum as a mass-to-charge ratio m/z, each ion reaching the detector adds to the signal, so the greater the abundance

Question 31

what is m/z

Answer 31

relative mass of ion/relative charge of ion