Atoms, ions, Covalent Molecules, Hydro. Bonds

Question 1

Cations

Answer 1

Loses Electrons (Positive Charge)

Question 2

Anions

Answer 2

Gains Electrons (Negative Charge)

Question 3

What happens when the number of protons changes?

Answer 3

The element changes

Question 4

What happens when the number of electrons changes?

Answer 4

Creates an ion (cation or anion)

Question 5

What happens when the number of neutron’s is changed?

Answer 5

Creates an Isotope

Question 6

How many electrons are in each orbital?

Answer 6

Two electrons in the first orbital, and eight in the rest.

Question 7

How does the proton number compare to electron number?

Answer 7

The amount of protons is the amount of electrons.

Question 8

How does the number of electrons on the outer orbital of each atom affect how stable the element is?

Answer 8

Less valence electrons create more reactive atoms, more valence electrons are more stable

Question 9

What elements are the most stable?

Answer 9

Any element with a fuller valence electron shell.

Question 10

Which elements are the most reactive?

Answer 10

any element with less electrons in valence shell.

Question 11

What does having the same electronegativity mean?

Answer 11

Share electrons equally

Question 12

What makes a molecule non-polar?

Answer 12

If elements bond to themselves OR is a bond between carbon and hydrogen.

Question 13

How do the valence electrons influence molecules bonding?

Answer 13

determines what kind of bond they’re making.

Question 14

How does electronegativity influence molecules bonding?

Answer 14

it influences if it’s ionic, polar, or non-polar.

Question 15

Really different electronegativity means what kind of bond occurs?

Answer 15

Ionic Bonding = Extremely different electronegativity

Question 16

Asymmetrical means what?

Answer 16

Partial Charges : Polar : Slightly Different Electronegativities

Question 17

Symmetrical means what?

Answer 17

Non-polar : Same Charges : Same electronegativities.

Question 18

Which molecules are symmetrical?

Answer 18

Non-polar molecules

Question 19

Which are polar and which are nonpolar?

Answer 19

H2O = Polar
H2 = Non-Polar

Question 20

How does symmetry correlate with polarity?

Answer 20

Asymmetrical = Polar / Symmetrical = Non-polar

Question 21

How does electronegativity correlate with polarity?

Answer 21

Slight difference in electronegativity = Polar
Same electronegativity = Non-Polar

Question 22

Hydrogen Bonds are what kinds of bonds?

Answer 22

Intermolecular Bond

Question 23

Intermolecular Bonds

Answer 23

Connects one MOLECULE to another MOLECULE

Question 24

Intramolecular Bonds

Answer 24

Bonds WITHIN molecules

Question 25

What bond occurs with Polar/Nonpolar/Ionic Bonds?

Answer 25

Intramolecular Bonds

Question 26

Where are the negative and positive poles on each water molecule?

Answer 26

Oxygen = Negative Hydrogens = Positive

Question 27

In what ways does a water molecule naturally align with another water molecule?

Answer 27

Opposites Attract, therefore a positive hydrogen will attract to a negative oxygen

Question 28

Describe the shape and polarity of a molecule that would NOT show hydrogen bonding.

Answer 28

Non-polar molecules do NOT do hydrogen bonding because they're not very reactive and have no charges.

Question 29

What polarity do oils and fats have?

Answer 29

Non-polar

Question 30

When water is solid (ice) what kind of structure does it take up?

Answer 30

Crystallites Structure

Question 31

Which elements from the periodic table tend to become negative ions (have the greatest potential of gaining electrons)?

Answer 31

The 7th column, (Ex. Fluorine, b/c that column is the most electronegative).

Question 32

Which columns would combine well in order for both to be more stable?

Answer 32

First column and 7th Column, so their valence shells could fill each other.

Question 33

Which elements on the periodic table tend to make ionic bonds?

Answer 33

First Column and & 7th b/c they have a VERY different electronegativity.

Question 34

How does electronegativity correlate with ionic bonding?

Answer 34

The element that has a greater electronegativity is going to steal the electron from the element that has a less/weaker electronegativity.

Question 35

Why don't all the elements of the periodic table form ionic bonds?

Answer 35

Because some elements are going to have similar electronegativity, and even just slight differences from each other.

Question 36

Are noble gasses reactive?

Answer 36

No, because they have a full valence shell