atoms & ions etc Flashcards
(22 cards)
elements
made up of only 1 atom and cannot be broken down
molecules
2 or more atoms bonded.
compound
consists of 2 or more different atoms bound together
atoms
protons neutrons and electrons
protons
found in nucleus and has a positive charge
neutrons
: found in nucleus and has no charge
electrons
: found in nucleus and has negative charge
how do u calculate neutron
mass number - proton
isotopes
elements which have the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons
ions
Losing or gaining of electrons
how do u gain a positive charge and a negative charge?
losing an electron gains a positive and gaining an electron gains a negative charge
atomic radius
the measurement of the size of each atom from its nucleus to outermost electrons.
why does the atomic radius decrease as we go across a period?
because the number of protons and electrons increases
why does an atomic radius increase as we go down a group?
This is caused by the addition of a new energy shell of electrons.
electronegativity
the ability of an atom to attract electrons. The higher the number the more electronegative the atom.
why does electronegativity increase as we go across a period?
it increases as we go across a period because of the increase in protons as it is pulling the electrons closer to the nucleus.
nuclear charge
as u go across the periodic table, there is a more of a stronger pull of electrons towards the nucleus and less shielding occurs.
ionic bond
the electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions.
cations
atoms which become negatively charged ions.
anions
atoms become negatively charged ions.
covalent bonding
Formed between 2 non metal atoms connected by a pair of valence atoms.
why does electronegativity decrease as we go down a group?
because the outer electrons are far away from the nucleus and have less pull towards the nucleus.
