Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

Question 1

Law of definite proportions.

Answer 1

Different samples of the same compound always contain its constituent elements in the same proportion by mass.

Question 2

Law of multiple proportions.

Answer 2

If two elements can combine to form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element are in ratios of small whole numbers.

Question 3

Define Radiation.

Answer 3

The emission and transmission of energy through space in the form of waves.

Question 4

Alpha rays consist of?

Answer 4

Positively charges particles called alpha particles..

Question 5

Beta rays consist of?

Answer 5

Beta particles, are electrons.

Question 6

What is the mass of an electron?

Answer 6

9.10938 x 10^-28 g

Question 7

What is the mass of a proton?

Answer 7

1.67262 x 10^-24 g

Question 8

What is the mass of a neutron?

Answer 8

1.67493 x 10^24 g

Question 9

The atomic number is a measure of what?

Answer 9

the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of an element.

Question 10

The mass number is defined as?

Answer 10

The total number of neutrons and protons present in the nucleus of an atom of an element.

Question 11

The elements can be divided into what three categories?

Answer 11

Metal, Nonmetal, Metalloid.

Question 12

What are the properties of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids?

Answer 12

A metal is a good conductor of heat and electricity. A nonmetal is a poor conductor of heat and electricity. A metalloid has properties that are intermediate between metal and nonmetal.

Question 13

What makes a molecule diatomic?

Answer 13

If it contains only two atoms.

Question 14

Elements that exist normally as diatomic molecules?

Answer 14

H, N, O, as well as Group 7A elements F,Cl, Br, I.

Question 15

Polyatomic molecules are?

Answer 15

Molecules containing more than two atoms.

Question 16

What is an Ion?

Answer 16

An atom or group of atoms that have a net positive or negative charge.

Question 17

A cation has what charge?

Answer 17

Positive.

Question 18

A anion has what charge?

Answer 18

Negative.

Question 19

What is an Ionic compound?

Answer 19

A compound formed from Cations and Anions.

Question 20

Metals tend to form what type of ion?

Answer 20

Cation.

Question 21

Nonmetals tend to form what type of ion?

Answer 21

Anion.

Question 22

A molecular formula…

Answer 22

Shows the exact number of atoms of each element in the smallest unit of a substance.

Question 23

An allotrope is?

Answer 23

One of two or more distinct forms of an element. Diamond and graphite are alltropes of carbon.

Question 24

The subscript of the cation is equal to what?

Answer 24

The charge of the anion.

Question 25

The subscript of the anion is equal to what?

Answer 25

The charge of the cation.

Question 26

Binary compounds are formed from?

Answer 26

Just two elements.

Question 27

When naming ionic compounds, what element comes first?

Answer 27

The metal cation.

Question 28

What is an acid?

Answer 28

A substance that yields hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.

Question 29

What are oxoacids?

Answer 29

Acids that contain hydrogen, oxygen and another element (the central element).

Question 30

3 Rules for naming an oxoacid that ends in "ic".

Answer 30

1. The addition of on O atom makes it per...ic. 2.Removal of one O atom replaces ic with ous. 3. Removal of two O atoms makes it hypo...ous.

Question 31

Rules for naming anions of oxoacids. (oxoanions)

Answer 31

When all the H are removed from an "ic" the prefix becomes ate. When all the H are removed form a "ous" the prefix becomes "ite". The names of anions with some but not all H removed must indicate the number of H ions present.

Question 32

A base is described as?

Answer 32

A substance that yields hydroxide ions.

Question 33

Hydrates are?

Answer 33

Compounds that have a specific number of water molecules attached to them.

Question 34

Mono-

Answer 34

One

Question 35

Di-

Answer 35

Two

Question 36

Tri-

Answer 36

Three

Question 37

Tetra-

Answer 37

Four

Question 38

Penta-

Answer 38

Five

Question 39

Hexa-

Answer 39

Six

Question 40

Hepta-

Answer 40

Seven

Question 41

Octa-

Answer 41

Eight

Question 42

Nona-

Answer 42

Nine

Question 43

Deca-

Answer 43

Ten