Atoms, Molecules and Ions ch 2 Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is an atom?
the smallest unit of matter
What is a molecule?
a particle made up of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded together
What is an element?
a pure substance whose atoms all
have the same number of protons
What is a compound?
a substance made up of two or more elements that are chemically bonded together in a fixed ratio
If all atoms have the same components, why do different atoms have different chemical properties?
Number and arrangement of electrons
Do atoms have a net charge?
no
What does the mass number consist of?
Number of protons plus neutrons
What does the atomic number consist of?
Number of protons
T or F: The size of an isotope with more neutrons is larger than one with few neutrons
False
T or F: The mass of an isotope with more neutrons is greater than one with fewer neutrons
True
What are covalent bonds?
When electrons are SHARED by nuclei.
What are cations and anions?
Cations are atoms or molecules with a positive charge and anions are atoms or molecules with a negative charge.
What is an ionic bond?
When Electrons are transferred from one atom to another. Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other
Do metals tend to give or take?
Metals tend to give one or more electrons to form a cation.
Do non mentals tend to give or take electons?
Non-metals can gain one or more electrons to form an anion when reacting with a metal.
What is a type 1 cation
Binary ionic compounds that consists of a mental and non mental (has an anion and cation)
What is a type 2 cation?
Binary ionic compounds in which the metals can form more than one type of positive ion (2 possible charges)
How do you name a type 1 cation?
use the element name
How do you name a type 2 cation?
include the cation name and a roman numeral indicating the charge.
What is an oxyanion?
When there are two or more members in a series
When there are 2 members in an oxyanion series, how do you name them?
the one small number of oxygen atoms ends in (ite) and one larger number of oxygen atoms ends in (ate)
When there are more than 2 members in an oxyanion series, how do you name them?
the one with Fewest number of oxygen atoms starts with hypo. (hypochlorite)
The one with Most number of oxygen atoms starts with per-(perchlorate)
What is a type 3 covalent compound?
When 2 non metals bond
How do you name type 3 covalent compounds?
1) The first element in the formula is named first, using the full element name
2) The second element is named as if it were an anion
3) Prefixes are used to denote the numbers of atoms present
4) The prefix mono- is never used for naming the first element
