Atoms, Molecules, bonding, Ions

Question 1

Matter is

Answer 1

Anything that takes up space and has mass

Question 2

A substance

Answer 2

A form of matter that has a definite composition

Question 3

A mixture

Answer 3

A combination of two or more substances

Question 4

Homogeneous mixture

Answer 4

A mixture which is uniform throughout

Question 5

Heterogeneous mixture

Answer 5

A mixture which does not have the same composition throughout

Question 6

An element

Answer 6

A substance which cannot be seperated into simpler substances

Question 7

A compound, molecule or chemical

Answer 7

A combination of two or more different elements. Chemical, or molecule

Question 8

Physical change

Answer 8

A change that does not alter the composition of a compound or element. Ice melting, water evaporating.

Question 9

Chemical change

Answer 9

Altering of the composition of the substances involved.

Question 10

Extensive property of a material

Answer 10

Dependent upon the amount of the substance present.

Question 11

0 degrees Celsius = K?

100 degrees Celsius = k?

Answer 11

0 degrees C = 273 Kelvin

100 degrees C = 373 kelvin

Question 12

Density equation?

Answer 12

Density = mass/volume

1g/cm3 =1g/mL

Question 13

How many significant digits in 0.08

Answer 13

Only 1 significance

Question 14

Addition and subtraction significant figures

Answer 14

The answer cannot have more digits to the right of the decimal than any of the original numbers.

Question 15

Multiplication and devision, sig figs

Answer 15

The number of the significant figures is set by the original number that has the smallest number of significant figures.
Eg. 6.8/112.04 = 0.0606926 = 0.061

Question 16

Exact numbers

Answer 16

Always exactly the number, no decimals or rounding. No need to follow significant figure rules.

Question 17

Compound is

Answer 17

Atoms of more than one element

Question 18

Chemical reactions

Answer 18

Rearrangement of elements and atoms to create a new compound

Question 19

What is a cathode ray tube?

Answer 19

Instrument to measure mass/charge of e-

Jj Thompson Nobel prize winner

Question 20

Atomic number

Answer 20

Number of protons in the nucleus

Question 21

Mass number

Answer 21

Number of protons + number of neutrons

Question 22

Isotopes

Answer 22

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei.

Question 23

Empirical formula

Answer 23

Shows the simplest whole-number ratio of the atoms in a substance

Question 24

Ionic compounds

Answer 24

Consist of a combination of cations and anions

Question 25

Cation position

Answer 25

Always on the left, | Anion always positioned to the right.

Question 26

Ionic compounds

Answer 26

Often a metal + a non metal | Anion (non metal) add ide to element name.

Question 27

Nomenclature; metal ionic compounds, indicate charge with Roman numerals. What is FeCL2 Use chemical table.

Answer 27

Iron (ii) chloride

Question 28

The prefix; Tetra?

Answer 28

4

Question 29

The prefix; | Penta

Answer 29

5

Question 30

The prefix; | Henta

Answer 30

7

Question 31

The Prefix; | Nona

Answer 31

9

Question 32

When to use a prefix

Answer 32

If more than one compound can be formed from the same elements prefixes must be used.

Question 33

Name N2Cl4

Answer 33

Dinitrogen tetrachloride

Question 34

Anion possible charges

Answer 34

Only one possible charge

Question 35

The 5 Cations with more than 1 possible charge;

Answer 35

Iron, copper, chromium, manganese, cobalt,

Question 36

What is an acid

Answer 36

Is a substance that yields hydrogen ions H+ when dissolved in water.

Question 37

What is a base

Answer 37

A substance that yields hydroxide ions OH- when dissolved in water.

Question 38

The 6 Noble gases

Answer 38

He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

Question 39

The 4 most common Halogens;

Answer 39

F, Cl, Br, I

Question 40

What is a subscript?

Answer 40

The 2 in H2O ect.

Question 41

What is a coefficient in chemistry?

Answer 41

The 2 in (2O3)

Question 42

Hydrogen bonding

Answer 42

Only with N,O or F. Dipole-dipole interaction on steroids. Weak bond, although stronger than dipole-dipole and intermolecular forces.

Question 43

Adhesion

Answer 43

Capillary action where water molecules are attracted to the side of the capillary, climbing up.

Question 44

Cohesion

Answer 44

Intermolecular attraction to like like molecules.

Question 45

Octet rule

Answer 45

Atoms except H tend to form bonds until they are surrounded by 8 electrons.

Question 46

Valence electrons

Answer 46

Amount of electrons in an atoms outer most ring.

Question 47

Metallic bonds

Answer 47

Delocalisation of electrons.

Question 48

Covalent bond

Answer 48

Equal sharing of electrons.

Question 49

Double covalent bond

Answer 49

Sharing of 2 electrons in each atom = a total of 4 electrons shared.

Question 50

Triple covalent bond

Answer 50

Each atom shares three electrons with an adjacent atom that also shares three electrons = total of 6 electrons shared.

Question 51

Covalent bond electronegativity difference

Answer 51

0-0.3

Question 52

Polar covalent bond electronegativity difference

Answer 52

0.5-1.6

Question 53

Ionic bond electronegativity difference

Answer 53

>2

Question 54

Resonance structure

Answer 54

1 of 2 or more Lewis structures for the same molecule.

Question 55

Look for lone pair when drawing Lewis structures, this changes shape of molecule encouraging it to be polar.

Answer 55

Shared covalent bonds create non linear molecular shape.

Question 56

Spectator ions

Answer 56

Are ions which do not change states in a chemical reaction. (l,s,g).