atoms + reactions

Question 1

relative isotopic/molecular/atomic mass definition

Answer 1

weighted mean mass of an isotope/molecule/atom of an element relative to 1/12th the mean mass of a carbon-12 isotope

Question 2

mole definition

Answer 2

the amount of substance in grams that has the same number of particles as there are atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12

Question 3

empirical formula definition

Answer 3

the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 4

what is the oxidation state of uncombined elements

Answer 4

0

Question 5

what is the oxidation state of an ion

Answer 5

same as the chargewh

Question 6

what are the oxidation states of group 1 elements in compounds

Answer 6

+1

Question 7

what are the oxidation states of group 2 elements in compounds

Answer 7

+2

Question 8

what is the oxidation state of aluminium in a compound

Answer 8

+3

Question 9

what is the oxidation state of hydrogen in a compound + exception

Answer 9

+1
EXCEPT in hydrides where is is -1
e.g. NaH (metal+hydrogen)

Question 10

what is the oxidation state of chlorine in a compound + exception

Answer 10

-1
EXCEPT in compounds with F and O where it would have a + value

Question 11

what is the oxidation state of fluorine

Answer 11

-1

Question 12

what is the oxidation state of oxygen

Answer 12

-2
EXCEPT in peroxides where its -1
compounds with fluorine where its +2
e.g. OF2

Question 13

what effect does reduction have on oxidation state

Answer 13

it decreases

Question 14

what effect does oxidation have on oxidation state

Answer 14

it increases

Question 15

strong acids/bases definition

Answer 15

strong acids/bases fully dissociate in aqueous solution, product is 100% ions

Question 16

weak acids/bases definition

Answer 16

weak acids/bases only partially dissociate

Question 17

examples of strong acids

Answer 17

HCl
H2SO4
HNO3

Question 18

examples of weak acids

Answer 18

carboxylic acids
benzoic acid

Question 19

examples of strong bases

Answer 19

metal hydroxides

Question 20

examples of weak bases

Answer 20

NH3
CH3NH2 and homologous series of this compound

Question 21

acid + base&raquo_space;

Answer 21

salt + water

Question 22

acid + metal&raquo_space;

Answer 22

salt + hydrogen

Question 23

acid + metal hydroxide&raquo_space;

Answer 23

salt + water

Question 24

acid + metal oxide&raquo_space;

Answer 24

salt + water

Question 25

acid + metal carbonate >>

Answer 25

salt + water + CO2

Question 26

monoprotic/basic acid definition

Answer 26

acids that can only donate 1 proton

Question 27

standard solution definition

Answer 27

a solution with a known concentration

Question 28

standard solution method

Answer 28

1- weigh out amount of solid with 3dp balance and weighing boat 2- transfer solid into a beaker, wash out any leftover solid into beaker using deionised water 3- fully dissolve solid with deionised water and stir 4- transfer solution into volumetric flask with a funnel and rinse everything into flask 5- fill volumetric flask with deionised water up to graduation line 6- mix by inverting several times with the lid on

Question 29

titration method

Answer 29

1- chemical with known concentration and volume goes in burette, add a few drops of indicator to chemical in conical flask 2- slowly add chemical in burette to the chemical in conical flask until indicator changes colour 3- when nearing end point indicator colour will disappear when swirled, start adding drop by drop 4- read how much chemical was added from burette from the bottom of the meniscus at eye level 5- record results to 2dp and repeat until 2 results are concordant

Question 30

avogadro's constant definition

Answer 30

the number of atoms in exactly 12g of carbon-12

Question 31

molar mass definition

Answer 31

the mass of 1 mole of a substance, units gmol-1

Question 32

salt definition

Answer 32

a compound formed of an ionic lattice between anions and cations that is neutral overall, made as the product of a reaction in which positive ions from an acid are replaced with metal or ammonium ions

Question 33

what is the formula of a carbonate ion

Answer 33

CO3 2-

Question 34

what is the formula of a sulfate ion

Answer 34

SO4 2-

Question 35

what is the formula of a nitrate ion

Answer 35

NO3 -

Question 36

what is the formula of a phosphate ion

Answer 36

PO4 3-

Question 37

what is the formula of an ammonium ion

Answer 37

NH4 +

Question 38

what is the formula of a hydroxide ion

Answer 38

OH -

Question 39

what is the formula of a cyanide ion

Answer 39

CN -

Question 40

what is the formula of a hydronium ion

Answer 40

H3O +

Question 41

what type of ion do metals form

Answer 41

positive ions

Question 42

acid definition

Answer 42

proton donors

Question 43

base definition

Answer 43

proton acceptors

Question 44

what is the difference between a strong and weak acid/base

Answer 44

strong acids/bases fully dissociate in aqueous solution, so 100% of the product is ions weak acids/bases only partially dissociate in aqueous solution, so only a small proportion of the product is ions

Question 45

what is the difference between a concentrated and dilute acid/base

Answer 45

concentrated means there is a large amount of acid/base moles relative to the number of solvent moles in a solution dilute means there is a small amount of acic/base moles relative to the number of solvent moles in a solution