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OTC Therapy > Atopic Dermatitis and Dry Skin > Flashcards

Atopic Dermatitis and Dry Skin Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Atopy?

A
  1. Genetic tendency to develop allergic diseases

2. Heightened immune response to common allergens

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2
Q

What is dermatitis?

A

Dermatologic condition characterized by erthema and inflammation

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3
Q

What is dermatitis interchangeable with?

A

Eczema

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4
Q

What is Atopic dermatitis?

A

Inflammatory condition of the dermis + epidermis; episodic flares and remissions are common

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5
Q

Which layer of the skin controls drug transport?

A

Epidermis

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6
Q

Which layer of the skin contains nerve endings, vasculature, and hair follicles?

A

Dermis

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7
Q

Which layer of the skin provides nourishment, cushions the other two layers?

A

Hypodermis

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8
Q

Which layer of the skin regulates H20 content?

A

Epidermis

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9
Q

What is the most important function of the skin?

A

Protects body from external agents and pathogens/chemicals

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10
Q

What is the issue with aging skin?

A

More fragile and take slonger to heal after injury

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11
Q

Ointments are _____-based

A

petrolatum

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12
Q

Lotions are _____-based

A

water

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13
Q

Powders are (hydrophobic/hydrophilic)

A

Hydrophilic

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14
Q

What is the major mechanism for drug absorption?

A

Passive diffusion

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15
Q

What is the rate-limiting barrier in drug absorption?

A

Stratum Corneum (epidermis)

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16
Q

Increase of hydration of Stratum Corneum will ______ drug absorption

A

increase

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17
Q

Which situation will allow the greatest drug absorption?

A

When wounds, infections, burns, etc are present. Alter Stratum Corneum and acts like a shunt

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18
Q

Who should you automatically refer to PCP with major skin problems? Why?

A

<1 yrs old

BSA for neonates are 2-3 times compared to adults which allows for more drug absorption

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19
Q

What are the most common disorders in children due to atopy?

A
  1. Asthma
  2. Allergic rhinitis
  3. Atopic dermatitis
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20
Q

What makes up 80% of atopic disorders symptoms?

A

Asthma + allergic rhinitis

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21
Q

How would you diagnose atopic disorder?

A

a pruritic skin disorder + 3 or more of the following:

Onset <2 yrs old
History of skin crease involvment
History of dry skin
Personal history of other AD
Visible flexural dermatitis
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22
Q

What are the three forms of AD?

A

Acute, subacute, chronic

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23
Q

What bacteria is common in AD patients?

A

90% Staph. Aureaus and possibly Strep

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24
Q

What visual cue is common in AD patients?

A

Yellowish crusting

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25
When should you seek medical attention in AD patients?
Pustules, vesicles, and crusting forms
26
What is the hallmark symptom in AD?
Pruritus
27
How does AD present in infants?
Red scaling of cheeks, progresses to face, neck and trunk
28
What are the 4 goals in treating AD?
1. Stop the itch - scratch cycle 2. Hydrate skin 3. Avoid/minimize triggers 4. Prevent 2nd infections
29
What can you stress to patients about AD?
AD cannot be cured, but rather managed
30
Exclusion to AD: (T/F) <2 years old
False; <1 years old
31
Exclusion to AD: (T/F) Infection
True
32
Exclusion to AD: (T/F) Intense itching + affects large area
True
33
Exclusion to AD: (T/F) Involvement of intertriginous areas
True
34
Nonpharmacolgic treatments for AD: (T/F) Bath with cold water
False; luke-warm water
35
Nonpharmacolgic treatments for AD: (T/F) Apply moisturizer one hour after bath
False; immediately after
36
What are the nonpharmacolgic treatments for AD
Bathe in luke-warm water and apply mosturizer immediately after bath
37
What is better for AD, wool or cotton?
Cotton
38
What kind of clothes should you wear if you have AD?
Anything is fine except if it is tight-fitting
39
What is the treatment of choice for dry, scaly, or fissured lesions?
Ointments
40
What kind of moisturizer is used for lubrication?
Cream
41
What kind of moisturizer is non-greasy?
Lotions / Gels
42
What kind of moisturizer dries quickly?
Lotions / Gels
43
What kind of moisturizer spreads more easily?
Lotions / Gels
44
What kind of moisturizer should be avoided on intertriginous areas?
Ointments
45
What kind of moisturizer should be avoided on weeping or oozing lesions?
Ointments
46
What kind of moisturizer used in hairy areas?
Lotions / Gels
47
Creams vs Ointment; which is more greasy / potent?
Ointment
48
What is the typical ingredient in butter?
Shea butter
49
What kind of moisturizer is occlusive in warm weather?
Ointments
50
What is the MOA for emollients?
Deposits oily film on skin to prevent moisture escape
51
How do emollients and humectants differ?
Emollients retain the water already present
52
What is the MOA for humectants?
Draws water into the straum corneum to hydrate skin
53
Emollinet vs humectant; which is the standard of care?
Emollients
54
What is the MOA for topical corticosteroids?
Relieves pruritic and reduce inflammation
55
When should you apply topical corticosteroids?
1-2 times daily BEFORE moisturizers
56
How long can you use topical corticosteroids before consulting w/ physician?
7 days or less
57
Who should not use topical corticosteroids?
< 2 yrs old
58
If lesions are oozing, what kind of moisturizer should be used?
Creams
59
What are some complementary therapies?
Coal tar, bleach bath (1/2 cup to 40 gallons), and wet wraps
60
What are some things to avoid for the skin? Recommended?
Topical anesthetics + topical antihistamines Oral antihistamines
61
How do oral antihistamines help?
Help sleep and reduce scratching at night
62
What is another name for dry skin?
Xerosis
63
How many ppl are affected by dry skin?
>50% older adults
64
What is the common cause of pruritus?
Dry skin
65
Dry skin is the common cause of _______
pruritus
66
What causes dry skin?
Disruption of keratinization and desquamation; loses water in skin and loss of cells from stratum corneum
67
Which layer gets thinner as you get older?
Epidermis; produces roughened skin surface
68
What are some nonpharmacolgic treatments for dry skin?
Keeping humidity higher than normal, moisturize w/ humectant or keratolytic agents, stay hydrated, take bath oils
69
What should you avoid if you have dry skin?
Caffeine, spices, and alcohol
70
What are some pharmacologic treatments for dry skin?
Severe case: urea / lactic acid Topical hydrocortisone
71
What is a short-term pharmacologic treatment for dry skin?
Topical hydrocortisone (ointment)
72
When should you report to PCP when using hydrocortisone?
Thinning of skin
73
When should you consult PCP in treating AD / dry skin?
2-3 days for AD 7 days for dry skin
74
As you age, sebum levels will ______
decrease
75
How effective are bath oils?
Minimally effective, more effective if used as a wet compress
76
Which kinds of soaps are close to neutral pH?
Glycerin
77
Which moisturizer promotes occlusive?
Ointments
78
Increase in occlusive (increase/decrease) lipids
increase
79
What binds to skin protein and is useful for crusted, necrotic tissue?
Urea (also a humectant)
80
What is the only OTC drug approved for dermatitis?
Hydrocortisone
81
Hydrocortisone vs Ointment; which is the better option for chronic, non-oozing dermatoses?
Ointments
82
When should you not use antihistamines?
Person w/ BPH (benign prostate hyperplasia) or glaucoma

OTC Therapy (43 decks)

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