ATP

Question 1

ATP Demand

Answer 1

The body especially the muscle depends on a constant rate of ATP supply by the mitochondria to meet the demand of ATP

Question 2

Anabolism

Answer 2

Involves the covalent bonding of electrons, protons, and small molecules to produce larger molecules

Question 3

Pathways of energy metabolism

Answer 3

Mitochondria fat (being the least)
Mitochondria CHO (second least)
(Both of those are related to oxidation)
Glycolytic (nonoxidation) (second most)
Phosphagen (the most)

Question 4

Steady-state

Answer 4

Sub-maximal workload at which oxidation phosphorylation (muscle respiration) provides majority of ATP supply.

Question 5

EPOC

Answer 5

Excess post-ex O2 consumption (EPOC)

• Post-exercise, metabolism does not immediately return to rest

Question 6

Metabolic transient

Answer 6

Non-steady-state workloads at which non-oxidation metabolism has greater role towards ATP supply.

Question 7

Catabolism

Answer 7

The breakdown of energy yielding substrates to supply ATP to fuel muscle contraction and the release of energy and electrons in their coupled transfer to intermediary molecules (eg. ATP, NADH + H)

Question 8

ATP hydrolysis

Answer 8

The yields a lot of the energy and is what powers muscle contraction. Exergonic reaction

Question 9

Metabolism

Answer 9

The breakdown of fat and carbohydrates in the muscle at the S1 head of myosin where ATP is consumed.

Question 10

ATP supply depends on what reaction?

Answer 10

Endergonic reaction

Question 11

What are the physiological measures during steady-state?

Answer 11

Heart rate and VO2 that are relatively constant during exercise.
Heart rate will increase, there is 2-3 minute where the heart will level off this is steady -state because the bulk of energy from the aerobic respiration
- If you don’t change the intensity of exercise, you don’t change you go for demand, therefore HR, VO2, etc will maintain steady-state.
And fat/CHO use during s-state exercise

Question 12

What Elevated during EPOC?

Answer 12

Blood flow/HR/Temp
Lactate
RER (burning of fat)

Question 13

What needs to be restored during EPOC?

Answer 13

m. glycogen
PCr stores
Regrow m protein w/ RT

Question 14

Role of phosphagen system in energy metabolism

Answer 14

The phosphagen system is a form of anaerobic metabolism. It uses creatine phosphate to generate ATP. Small amount of ATP but the fastest supply of ATP

Question 15

What is glycolysis? And what does it help maintain?

Answer 15

Pathway that is outside of the mitochondria in the cytosol that generates ATP supply. It maintains sustained high-intensity exercise of the second fastest supply of ATP

Question 16

Glucose vs. glycogen

Answer 16

In using glycogen as the starting material, it only requires the use of 1 ATP but creates 4 ATP. Therefore, there is a NET production of 2 ATP.
In using glucose as the starting material, it requires the use of 2 ATP but creates 4 ATP. Therefore, there is a NET production of 2 ATP.
Glycogen produces more ATP than glucose.

Glucose entry from the blood is facilitated by transporter proteins (GLUT proteins) located near the sarcolemma

Question 17

Hexokinase

Answer 17

Endergonic reaction requiring ATP that produces a H+ and a very low to of G-6-P to make reaction ensue

Question 18

What is ATP cost and what is affected?

Answer 18

The two phases where the spending of ATP to produce a highly Exergonic reaction that produces 1 H+ . And pH is decreased and glucagon, and stimulated by ADP and some AMP. Also there is a reduces of lipid reliance during intense exercise

Question 19

NADH and H+

Answer 19

NADH is electron bond carry that allows the muscle to generate more ATP. There is 2 NADH and 2 H+ created at the end of phase 2 of glycolysis yields 4 ‘extra’ ATP

Question 20

Pyruvate

Answer 20

to serve as the transporter of carbon atoms into the mitochondrion for complete oxidation into carbon dioxide.

Question 21

How is glycolysis measured? And why?

Answer 21

Glycolysis is measured by muscle biopsy and lactate because its important is detects catabolism to gain insight of metabolism regulation.

Question 22

GLUT4

Answer 22

Is the major glucose transporter in skeletal muscle

Question 23

CDC exercise recommendations

Answer 23

150 minutes a week of moderate exercise

Question 24

Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) and how should it be measured?

Answer 24

a test of anaerobic power and capacity performed on a cycle ergometer that typically lasts 30 s and uses a resistance equal to .075 kp per kg of body mass.

the nonoxidative pathways of glycolysis and the high-energy phosphagens (PCr and ADP) deliver small amounts of ATP at higher rates and have the greatest role in contributing to ATP supply during near-maximal to maximal/supramaximal exercise of seconds to minutes duration as well as at the beginning of the exercise.

muscle biopsy and lactate to shed light on the contribution of glycolytic metabolism during this brief exercise bout.

Question 25

lactate

Answer 25

to measure blood lactate concentration to understand metabolic responses to intense exercise