ATP Flashcards
what is it called when plants and animals release energy from glucose
respiration
what is ATP
adenosine triphosphateh
what is atp made up of
adenine, ribose sugar, three phosphate groups
why is atp known as a nucleotide derivative
because its modified to form a nucleotide
what happens to atp once its made
it diffuses to the part of the cell that needs energy
where is the energy stored in atp
energy in atp is stored in high energy bonds between the phosphate groups
what reaction releases the energy in atp
hydrolysis (ATP to ADP + Pi)
what enzyme catalyses atp hydrolysis
atp hydrolase
what is coupling
ATP hydrolysis can be coupled with other energy requiring reactions in the cell- this means the energy released can be used directly to make the coupled reaction happen (rather than being lost as heat)
how can the inorganic phosphate be put to use once released in atp hydrolysis
the released inorganic phosphate can be added to another compound (phosphorylation) which often makes the compound more reactive
how can atp be resynthesized
atp can be resynthesized in a condensation reaction between adp and pi. this happens during both respiration and photosynthesis and is catalysed by the enzyme atp synthase
draw the cycle of atp
- condensation reaction
- hydrolysis
Hydrolysis-
atp goes to adp + Pi through a hydrolysis reaction ( energy is released and the reaction is catalysed by atp hydrolase)
Condensation-
adp + pi to atp catalysed by the enzyme atp synthase (energy is used)
what is Pi
a released phosphate molecule (inorganic phosphate)
what is in adp
adenosine, ribose sugar, 2 phosphate (one is released - Pi)
