ATP - 30/11/23

Question 1

What is the Law of Conversation?

Answer 1

Energy is neither created and destroyed

Question 2

In biology, where is energy stored?

Answer 2

Biomolecules

Question 3

Which two biomolecules store energy?

Answer 3

• Carbohydrates
• Lipids

Question 4

How is the energy in biomolecules released?

Answer 4

When biomolecules are oxidised during cellular respiration

Question 5

The energy released from when biomolecules are oxidised is carried and transported by what?

Answer 5

A carrier-molecule called ATP

Question 6

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 6

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 7

What type of deriative is a single molecule of ATP?

Answer 7

Nucleotide Deriative

Question 8

What is ATP made of?

Answer 8

• a molecule of Ribose
• a molecule of Nucleotide base adenine
• Three phosphate groups

Question 9

What’s a nucleotide deriative mean?

Answer 9

It’s a modified form of nucleotide

Question 10

What is the main energy store to carry out all processes in cells?

Answer 10

ATP

Question 11

What does Phosphorylated Macromolecule mean?

Answer 11

Addition of a Phosphate molecule

Question 12

What is Adenine?

Answer 12

A nitrogen containg an organic base

Question 13

What is a Ribose?

Answer 13

A 5-carbon sugar molecule that acts as a backbone

Question 14

How do Phosphate Groups in ATP affect the energy released in its hydrolysis reaction? [4]

Answer 14

1. Bonds between Phosphate Groups are unstable
2. So they have a low activation energy
3. Easy to break bonds
4. Releases considerable amount of energy

Question 15

What is released in hydrolysis of ATP?

Answer 15

Energy

Question 16

What is the hydrolysis reaction of ATP?

Answer 16

ATP ⇌ ADP + Pi

Question 17

What type of reaction is the hydrolysis and condensation reaction for ATP?

Answer 17

Reversible reaction

Question 18

Where is the energy in ATP mainly stored in the molecule?

Answer 18

It’s stored in high energy bonds between the phosphate group

Question 19

Draw a basic diagram of ATP.

Answer 19

Adenine

                                                  Ribose - P - P - P

Question 20

What helps hydrolyse ATP into ADP and Pi?

Answer 20

ATP hydrolase

Question 21

What helps catalyse the condensation reaction between ADP and Pi (inorganic phosphate)?

Answer 21

• ATP Synthase

Question 22

What happens in Phosphorylation in relation to ATP? [2]

Answer 22

• The inorganic phosphate group (Pi) is released by the breakdown of ATP
• Can be used to phosphorylate other compounds to make them more reactive

Question 23

What are the Properties of ATP? [6]

Answer 23

1. Immediate source of energy (used more than glucose) BECAUSE ATP can be broken down in a single step to release a manageable quantity of energy
2. ATP isn’t stored in large quantities BECAUSE it can easily be reformed from ADP quickly
3. Can’t be stored so continously made
4. Energy stored in small packets SO no energy is wasted
5. Small soluble molecule SO easily transported
6. Can’t pass through memebrane SO always present in cells

Question 24

What are some Uses of ATP?
[6]

Answer 24

1. Help Metabolic reactions - build up large macromolecules from their monomers
2. Help Movement - energy needed for muscle contraction
3. Help Active Transport
4. Help Secretion - energy required for synthesis of lysosomes
5. Activation of Molecules - phosphorylation to make other compounds more reactive
6. Maintainance of body temp in mammals

Question 25

What are the two uses of ATP?

Answer 25

1. To release energy
2. To add phosphate to other substances and make them more reactive (phosphorylation)

Question 26

What does ADP stand for?

Answer 26

Adenine Diphosphate

Question 27

ATP can be resynthesised in which reactions?
[2]

Answer 27

• Photosynthesis
• Respiration

Question 28

Why is the inorganic phosphate group released during hydrolysis of ATP used to phosphorylate other compounds?

Answer 28

To make them more reactive