ATP & Enzymes

Question 1

Energy is the capacity to____

Answer 1

make change against a resistant force

Question 2

Cellular Work:
Anabolic reactions
-building large molecules

Answer 2

chemical work

Question 3

Cellular Work:
Directed movement
-muscle contraction, chromosome separation

Answer 3

mechanical work

Question 4

Cellular Work:
Building gradients
-pumping substances across a membrane

Answer 4

transport work

Question 5

Cellular Work:
generating light energy from chemicals

Answer 5

bioluminescence

Question 6

Anabolic Pathways:
all reaction pathways for biological work are?

Answer 6

endergonic

Question 7

Monomer + Monomer <->Dimer + H2O
This reaction requires?

Answer 7

Input of energy

Question 8

Adenosine Triphosphate

Answer 8

ATP

Question 9

Many endergonic reactions are driven forward by energy released from the _____

Answer 9

hydrolysis of ATP

Question 10

ATP Hydrolysis release____

Answer 10

energy

Question 11

What are the roles of ATP in the cell?

Answer 11

-Synthesis of RNA (and DNA)
-Synthesis of Cyclic AMP (cAMP)
-Energy needed for endergonic reactions

Question 12

ATP is an inherently _______ molecule

Answer 12

unstable

Question 13

Hydrolysis of the terminal phosphate group create a ______ product

Answer 13

more stable

Question 14

Enzymes are biological ____

Answer 14

catalysts

Question 15

Life is driven by chemical reactions

Answer 15

A -> B
Reactant -> Product
Substate -> Product

Question 16

All reactions are

Answer 16

reversible

Question 17

Catalysts accelerate a reaction without being _____

Answer 17

consumed or permanently changed

Question 18

Biological catalysts are _____

Answer 18

enzymes

Question 19

Favorable Reaction

Answer 19

(Reactants) AB+CD-> AC + BD (Products)

Question 20

For energy to move forward energy must be ____

Answer 20

present and available to raise reactants to the transition state

Question 21

When is energy released in activation energy (Ea)?

Answer 21

-old bonds are broken
-new bonds formed
-product assumes a lower energy, more stable state

Question 22

Activation energy serves as a ____

Answer 22

barrier to reaction progression and completion

Question 23

Enzymes Lower Ea:
Enzymes and reactants form an

Answer 23

Enzyme-Substrate (ES) Complex
E + S <-> ES

Question 24

Enzymes Lower Ea:
Interaction between enzyme and substrate usually ____

Answer 24

high specific

Question 25

Substrates bind at (groove or packet exposed on the surface of enzyme)

Answer 25

active site

Question 26

Operate enzymes under what optimal conditions?

Answer 26

-Temp -Salt Conc. -pH

Question 27

Anything that impacts protein structure affects _____

Answer 27

enzyme function

Question 28

As [Substrate] increases, the rate of product formed eventually ____

Answer 28

slows down

Question 29

Controlling Reaction Rate: increase the rate of product formation

Answer 29

activators

Question 30

Controlling Reaction Rate: Decrease the rate of product formation

Answer 30

inhibitors

Question 31

Types of enzyme inhibitors

Answer 31

-reversible inhibitors -irreversible inhibitors

Question 32

Type of Enzyme Inhibitor: -covalent attachment to enzyme -usually at active site

Answer 32

irreversible inhibitors

Question 33

Type of Enzyme Inhibitor: -non covalent attachment to enzyme -several types - competitive inhibitor - noncompetitive inhibitor

Answer 33

reversible inhibitor

Question 34

Type of Reversible Inhibitor: -mimic shape of the substrate -reduced by increasing the concentration of substrate

Answer 34

competitive inhibitor

Question 35

Type of Reversible Inhibitor: -binds to enzyme away from site -changes structure of enzyme -reduces ability of enzyme to function normally

Answer 35

noncompetitive inhibitor