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A level - Psychology > Attachment > Flashcards

Attachment Flashcards

1
Q

Attachment

A

A two-way, enduring, emotional tie to a specific other person

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2
Q

Reciprocity

A

The interaction of similar behaviour patterns between carer and infant

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3
Q

Interactional synchrony

A

The co-ordinated rhythmic exchanges between carer and infant

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4
Q

Caregiver-infant interactions

A

The mutual exchanges between caregivers and infants that foster and maintain attachment bonds

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5
Q

Feldman and Eidelman (2007)

A

j

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6
Q

Finegood et al (2016)

A

j

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7
Q

Feldman (2012)

A

J

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8
Q

T. Berry Brazelton et al (1975)

A

j

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9
Q

Isabella et al (1989)

A

j

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10
Q

Meltzoff and Moore (1977)

A

j

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11
Q

Stages of attachment

A

The phases infants progress through to develop and maintain attachment bonds

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12
Q

Multiple attachments

A

The formation of emotional bonds with many carers

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13
Q

Separation protest

A

The level and degree of emotional destress shown by infants when apart from caregivers

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14
Q

Stranger anxiety

A

The degree of distress shown by infants when in the presence of unfamiliar persons

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15
Q

Schaffer and Emerson (1964)

A

j

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16
Q

Role of the father

A

The extent to which father are able to function as caregivers and attachment figures in the development of infants

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17
Q

Sensitive responsiveness

A

Recognising and responding appropriately to infants needs

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18
Q

Schaffer and Emerson (1964)

A

j

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19
Q

Klaus Grossmann et al (2002)

A

j

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20
Q

Tiffany Field (1978)

A

j

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21
Q

McCallum and Golombok (2004)

A

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22
Q

Animal studies of attachment

A

Research conducted on animals that reveals insights into the origins and functions of attachment behaviour in humans

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23
Q

Imprinting

A

A form of attachment where offspring follow the first large moving object

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24
Q

Critical period

A

A time period in which imprinting must form, after which time it will not be possible for such attachments to form

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25
Q

Sensitive period

A

A best time period within which attachments can form, though they still can form with more difficulty outside this period

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26
Q

Konrad Lorenz (1952)

A

j

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27
Q

Harry Harlow (1958)

A

j

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28
Q

Regolin and Vallortigara (1955)

A

j

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29
Q

David Howe (1998)

A

j

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30
Q

Learning theory

A

The belief that attachments develop through conditioning processes

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31
Q

Classical conditioning

A

The development of an attachment bond due to a caregiver becoming associated with the pleasure that feeding naturally brings

32
Q

Operant conditioning

A

The development of an attachment bond to a caregiver through the provision of food becoming associated with the removal of the unpleasant sensation of hunger

33
Q

Cupboard love theory

A

The belief that attachments are formed with people who feed infants

34
Q

Dollard and Miller (1950)

A

j

35
Q

Monotropic theory

A

The idea that infants have an inbuilt tendency to make an initial attachment with one attachment figure, usually the mother

36
Q

Social releasers

A

Innate, infant social behaviours that stimulate adult interaction and caregiving

37
Q

Critical period

A

Specific time period within which an attachment must form

38
Q

Internal working model

A

A cognitive framework used to understand the world, self and others, that acts as a template for future relationships based on infant’s primary attachment

39
Q

Monotropy

A

An innate tendency to become attached to one particular adult

40
Q

John Bowlby (1958)

A

j

41
Q

Heidi Bailey et al (2007)

A

j

42
Q

The Strange Situation

A

The accepted observational testing method for measuring attachment types

43
Q

Secure attachment

A

Type of attachment characterised by infants being confident that a caregiver is available to meet their need and will act as a safe base and a source of comfort in times of distress

44
Q

Insecure-avoidant attachment

A

Attachment characterised by low anxiety but weak attachment

45
Q

Insecure-resistant attachment

A

Attachment characterised by strong attachment and high anxiety

46
Q

Separation anxiety

A

The degree of distress shown by infants when parted from attachment figures

47
Q

Mary Ainsworth et al (1978)

A

j

48
Q

Ward et al (2006)

A

j

49
Q

Hohanna Bick et al (2012)

A

j

50
Q

Cultural variations in attachment

A

Differences in child-rearing practices and attachment types between different cultural groupings

51
Q

Cross cultural studies

A

Comparison of findings from people of different cultures

52
Q

Imposed etic

A

Using techniques that are only relevant to one culture to study and/or draw conclusions about another

53
Q

Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg (1988)

A

j

54
Q

Alessandra Simonelli et al (2014)

A

j

55
Q

Mi Kyoung Jin et al (2012)

A

j

56
Q

Maternal deprivation hypothesis (MDH)

A

An explanation of the consequences of disrupting attachment bonds that sees serious, permanent damage to children’s development as inevitable

57
Q

Separation

A

Short-term disruption of an attachment bond

58
Q

Deprivation

A

Long-term disruption of an attachment bond

59
Q

Privation

A

Never having formed an attachment bond

60
Q

Bowlby (1944)

A

j

61
Q

William Goldfarb (1947)

A

j

62
Q

Michael Rutter (1981)

A

j

63
Q

Orphan studies

A

Research conducted on Romanian orphans adopted by British families, which assessed the degree to which the effects of privation and institutional care could be overcome

64
Q

institutionalisation

A

A term for the effects of living in an institutional setting, referring to a hospital or orphanage

65
Q

Michael Rutter (2011)

A

j

66
Q

Charles Zeanah et al (2005)

A

j

67
Q

Langton (2006)

A

j

68
Q

Childhood relationships

A

Affiliations with other people in childhood, including friends and classmates and with adults such as teachers

69
Q

Adult relationships

A

Those relationships the child goes on to have later in life as an adult

70
Q

Internal working model

A

A mental representation of an individuals’s relationship with their primary caregiver that becomes a template for future childhood and adult relationships

71
Q

Continuity hypothesis

A

The idea that there is consistency between early emotional experiences and later relationships

72
Q

Wilson and Smith (1998)

A

j

73
Q

Kerns (1994)

A

j

74
Q

Hazan and Shaver (1987)

A

j

75
Q

Fearon and Roisman (2017)

A

j

A level - Psychology (8 decks)

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