attachment Flashcards
(25 cards)
Maccoby
four attachment behaviours
- proximity seeking
- separation distress
- secure-base
- reunion pleasure
Meltzoff and Moore
interactional synchrony. mirror behaviour of caregiver. 2-3 wk old
+ filmed observations
+ lab setting
- infant behaviour hard to observe
- observational research findings are implied (Feldman)
Isabella et al
interactional synchrony- amount of IS and quality of attachment positive correlation
Ruth Feldman
interactional synchrony research importance- can’t prove any importance of the behaviour
Schaffer and Emerson
stages of attachment
- asocial
- indiscriminate
- specific
- multiple
+ external validity
+ real world application
+ longitudinal
- reliability of observers
- temporal val 1960
- generalisability Glasgow working class
Schaffer and Emerson
father is PAF only 3% of the time, and is joint 27%
Klaus Grossman
longitudinal study of attachment into adolescence. father more involved in play and stimulation. quality of relationship with father doesn’t relate to adolescent attachments
Tiffany Field
role of father as PCGs. fathers can be caring and nurturing, showing more interactivity only when they are PCG, not SCG
McCallum and Golombok
limitation of role of father- if important why aren’t the children of lesbians or single mothers developing differently
Lorenz
imprinting of geese on first moving object they see
Harlow (monkey)
rhesus monkeys prefer contact comfort to milk
Harlow (sexual)
sexual imprinting of a peacock reared in a reptile house
Harlow (long term)
long term effects of maternal deprivation in rhesus monkeys- abandoned and harmed their offspring
Regolin and Valloritigara
strength of Lorenz- proved that the first moving object seen is the thing imprinted on
Dollard and Miller
learning theory- operant and classical conditioning, cupboard love, primary drive reduction.
Bowlby (monotropy)
monotropic theory (monotropy, IWM, secure base, caregiving, critical period, continuity hypothesis)
Ainsworth
developed strange situation to measure type of attachment
1) mother and infant enter lab
2) infant plays with toys, mother sits down
3) stranger enters and sits down
4) mother leaves and stranger tries to interact with infant
5) mother returns, stranger leaves
6) mother leaves infant alone
7) stranger returns and tries to interact
8) mother returns and picks up infant as stranger leaves
percentage of attachment types in UK (Ainsworth)
secure: 60-75%
insecure avoidant: 20-25%
insecure resistant: 3%
Johanna Bick
strength of Ainsworth- found high inter-rater reliability on agreement of attachment type of 94%
Kagan
weakness of Ainsworth- may not measure attachment- suggests that genetically influences anxiety can account for behaviour
Van ljzendoorn and Kroonenberg
meta analysis cultural variation in 32 studies in 8 countries. using strange situation.
Simonella
cultural variation Italy: less secure attachment than previous studies. may be due to more mothers returning to work earlier and using professional childcare
Jin
Korean cultural variation study- only one insecure avoidant child
Takahashi
Japanese cultural variation study: no insecure avoidants, 32% insecure resistant. also + of Van l + K as is an indigenous researcher
