Attachment and Psychopathology

Question 1

Context, Attachment, Development of Psychopathology

Answer 1

• Psychopathologies develop within contexts
• Attachment is a crucial part of the context that a person is in

Question 2

Equifinality

Answer 2

Different starting points lead to the same outcome

Question 3

Multifinality

Answer 3

The same starting point leads to different outcomes

Question 4

Distal / Proximal Risk Factor

Answer 4

Distal - distance
Indirect factors
Proximal - proximity
Direct factors

Question 5

Explanation of Multifinality

Answer 5

Despite sharing the same distal and proximal risk factors, there are MODERATORS, such as random life events, that may alter people’s cognition, behaviors, feelings, etc., and thus yield different developmental outcomes.

Question 6

Ambivalent/Resistant

Answer 6

• Depression with internalizing coping strategies
• Anxiety disorders with low avoidance

Question 7

Avoidant

Answer 7

• Depression with externalizing coping strategies
• Anxiety disorders with high avoidance

Question 8

Unresolved

Answer 8

PTSD and Dissociative Disorder

Question 9

Disorganized

Answer 9

Dissociative Disorder

Question 10

Dismissing (adult)

Answer 10

• Eating disorders with features of restriction (anorexia nervosa)
• Schizophrenia
• Narcissistic PD

Question 11

Preoccupied (adult)

Answer 11

• Eating disorders with depression and features of oscillating (bulimia nervosa)
• Borderline PD

Question 12

Unresolved (adult)

Answer 12

• Schizophrenia
• Borderline PD

Question 13

Functional Neurologic Symptom Disorder (FNS) and Attachment

Answer 13

Proposed reason for improvement:
- Patient’s confidence in treatment by clinicians
- Patient’s perceived support, and high-quality partnership with clinicians