Attachment notes needed Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are the 4 differences in attachment
Secure attachment
Avoidant attachment
Resistant attachment
Disorganized attachment
What is Variation in attachment security is related to?
caregiving environment OR
Endogenous characteristics in the child OR
- Temperament influences the type of insecure attachment infants have with insensitive caregivers
What is temperament?
Individual differences in reactivity and self- regulation
What are the two factors of temperament?
Tendency to approach/ avoid novel stimuli
Lability/ stability of mood
Temperament is inheritable in infancy and toddlerhood
What is the sensitivity hypothesis
the causes of variation in attachment security are largely if not entirely environmental
Caregivers sensitivity to infants attachment cues is the primary environmental determinant
What is universality and normativity
all infants will become attached to one or more caregivers, secure attachment is common
all show attachment behaviours and a preferential bond with one or more caregiver (over strangers)
What were the 3 criteria used in the strange situation?
(12-20m)
Seperation anxiety, reunion behaviour & willingness to explore the room
Describe secure attachment (in toddlers)
(60%)
May or may not cry upon separation
positive reaction to reunion
Contact with caregiver reduces distress
Describe avoidant attachment (in toddlers)
(15%)
No distress when separated
Does not approach at reunion
Treats caregiver and stranger similarly
Describe resistant attachment (in toddlers
(10%)
distress when separated
Resists contact at reunion
Contact with caregiver does not reduce distress
Describe disorganized attachment (in toddlers)
(15%)
No consistent pattern of behaviour at separation
No consistent pattern of behaviour at reunion
May react to caregiver with fear
What was Van izenjoorn & kroonenberg study?
cross cultural meta analysis of 32 studies using strange situation procedure - secure attachment was the most common and findings were consistent with ainsworths
Describe the child attachment interview
7+ years
perceptions of attachment figures current availability
Separate representations for each figure
Developmentally appropriate scaffolding
Non verbal and verbal info used in analysis
15 questions
What is the validity of the child attachment interview?
Attachment classification unrelated to IQ,
language ability.
Clinically referred children show higher levels of insecure attachment.
What is a limitation of the child attachment interview?
The uncertainty of subjective reports
Describe the Adult attachment interview (AAI)
16+ years
recollections about early relationships reveal individual differences in attachment representations
Standardized interview with 15 questions
Transcript scored using: Reflection (making sense of experience), Coherence (evidence, consistency)
What are the Adult attachment interview attachment styles?
Secure attachment:
Dismissing attachment
Preoccupied attachment
Unresolved attachment
Describe secure attachment (in adults)
Talks easily about relationships
Coherent and consistent accounts
Understands past difficulties
Describe dismissing attachment (in adults)
difficulty remembering experiences
Describes parents positively but does not give evidence
Describe preoccupied attachment (in adults)
Excessive attention to caregiver memories
Confused, angry
Describe unresolved attachment (in adults)
Experience of trauma
Still focused on unresolved issues
What is the validity of the adult attachment interview?
Autobiographical memory, IQ and social desirability were not associated with attachment classification
What was bowlbys internal working model
an individual’s early relationship with their primary caregiver, which shapes their expectations and behaviors in later relationships
What is the prototype account?
early caregiving experiences give rise to attachment representations
Working models grow over time and shape relationships with others
