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Child & Adolescent Psychopathology > Attachment quiz > Flashcards

Attachment quiz Flashcards

1
Q

What did John Bowlby say

A

Goal of attachment behavior is to keep close to a preferred person in order to maintain a sense of security

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2
Q

Attachment theory has become…

A

the dominant theory used in the study of infant and toddler behavior

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3
Q

What is attachment

A

the (strong) bond that develops between a child and parent

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4
Q

In the “transactional model” what are child-parent transactions key to?

A

attachment and development

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5
Q

Neuroscience has shown that …

A

early brain development is experience dependent

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6
Q

What is the Critical Fundamental Principle

A

the brain develops and organizes as a reflection of developmental experiences, organizing in response to the pattern, intensity, and nature of sensory and perceptual experience

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7
Q

What are the 3 basic assumptions

A
  1. attachment is universal
  2. attachment varies across cultures
  3. attachments develop with specific people
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8
Q

What are the 2 Functions of Attachment

A
  1. Provide a sense of security in the world
  2. to facilitate regulation of affect and arousal
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9
Q

attachment provides with children with what?

A

the motivation to learn and explore about the world and develop new skills

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9
Q

how are child-parent connections formed and reinforced

A

through sensorial contact such as gazing, smelling, tasting, hearing, touching, rocking, feeding etc

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10
Q

Good Infant attachment characteristics

A

interactive play
engage parents
imitate and initiate
cooing and babbling

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11
Q

secure infant attachment have the capacity for…

A

neurobehavioral self-organization

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12
Q

what do infants sensory capacities genetically prepare them for

A

responding to human interaction

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13
Q

what do infant-parent interaction and sensory activates do

A

shape the experiences of the child

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14
Q

What sense is central to neurobiology of attachment

A

Vision

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15
Q

What is a critical stimulus for infants

A

the mothers face

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16
Q

Winnicott (Transitional objects)

A

an object that toddlers use to soothe, protect, and empower them
the object helps them cope with separations from parents

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17
Q

Mary Ainsworth - Describe the “strange situation”

A

create a more stressful situation to generate attachment response
12-18 month old - into room with moms
strangers enter the room and talk to mom
mom leaves and then returns
infant responses became the most sensitive indicator for attachment

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18
Q

What factors influence parental responsiveness

A

Mental illness or substance abuse

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19
Q

what are the 4 types of attachement

A

secure
avoidant
ambivalent
disorganized

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20
Q

Signs of secure attachment

A

confidence in the attachment relationship
greet mother positively
look relieved and happy
calmed quickly when soothed

21
Q

Implications (secure attachment)

A

More confident about exploring
more flexible
good attachment generalized to other relationships
less negative affect
capacity for empathy

22
Q

What are some signs of Avoidant Attachemnt

A

played independently
actively avoided contact
no distress when caregiver leaves
impression of self reliance
preoccupied with toys
conveyed attachment was not important

23
Q

Mothers (could also be fathers) characteristics for infant avoidant

A

infants actively rejected or ignored by their mother (father)
spoke about their infants in negative terms
were seen as very angry
intolerant of infants distress
defensive somberness

24
Avoidant Implications
higher levels of hostility and unprovoked aggressive behavior more negative interactions with other children doesn't ask for help likely to sulk and withdraw viewed more negatively
25
Ambivalent attachment
conveys a strong need for attachment but lack of confidence in its availability very intense reaction to separation anxious in the pre-separation stage desperate for contact but also resists efforts can not be soothed intense affect
26
ambivalent implications
low levels of autonomous behavior remain preoccupied with attachment unable to master normative separation fears behavioral inhibition lack of assertiveness social withdrawal and poor social skills
27
Disorganized/Disoriented attachment
contradictory behavior confused and disorganized attempts to reestablish attachment may appear afraid of the caregiver may go to stranger for comfort unable to self regulate may seek self stimulatory behavior
28
Disorganized attachment continued
afraid of caregivers and fear is unresolved consistent with a history of unresolved trauma in the caregiver consistent with history of maltreatment found with parents who have serious mental illness increased risk with poverty higher resting heart rates and levels of cortisol
29
Disorganized implications
poor self confidence poor academics dissociation poor overall outcome increased aggressive behavior poor social skills
30
What are the adult attachment styles
secure/autonomous insecure: Preoccupied dismissive disorganized/unresolved
31
Attachment interference (% in trauma)
insecure attachment is developed by 70-100% of neglected, abused, and traumatized children
32
Children with mothers who are severely depressed are...
likely to be insecurely attached (55-85%)
33
what is the typical outcome of relational trauma
insecure attachment
34
relational trauma and sensory deprivation may be an underlying cause of:
anxiety depression ADHD aggression attachment disorders sensory integration dysfunction
35
What is Criteria A for RAD
consistent pattern of inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behavior manifested by BOTH of the following: 1. The child rarely or minimally seeks comfort when distressed. 2. The child rarely or minimally responds to comfort when distressed.
36
What is Criteria B for RAD
A persistent social and emotional disturbance characterized by at least two of the following: 1. Minimal social and emotional responsiveness to others 2. Limited positive affect 3. Episodes of unexplained irritability, sadness, or fearfulness that are evident even during nonthreatening interactions with adult caregivers.
37
what is Criteria C for RAD
The child has experienced a pattern of extremes of insufficient care as evidenced by at least one of the following: 1. Social neglect or deprivation in the form of persistent lack of having basic emotional needs for comfort, stimulation and affection met by caregiving adults 2. Repeated changes of primary caregivers that limit opportunities to form stable attachments 3. Rearing in unusual settings that severely limit opportunities to form selective attachments
38
What are criteria D-G in RAD
D. The care in Criterion C is presumed to be responsible for the disturbed behavior in Criterion A E. The criteria are not met for autism spectrum disorder. F. The disturbance is evident before age 5 years. G. The child has a developmental age of at least 9 months.
39
What are the RAD specifiers
Persistent (12+ months) current severity
40
What are the characteristics of Indiscriminate Sociability
wandering off without distress approaching strangers going off with strangers not being shy with new adults being overly friendly with new adults
41
What is Criteria A for DSED
A pattern of behavior in which a child actively approaches and interacts with unfamiliar adults and exhibits at least two of the following: 1. Reduced or absent reticence in approaching unfamiliar adults. 2. Overly familiar verbal or physical behavior 3. Diminished or absent checking back with adult caregiver after venturing away, even in unfamiliar settings. 4. Willingness to go off with an unfamiliar adult with minimal or no hesitation.
42
What is Criteria B for DSED
The behaviors in Criterion A are not limited to impulsivity (as in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) but include socially disinhibited behavior.
43
What is Criteria C for DSED
The child has exhibited a pattern of extremes of insufficient care as evidenced by at least one of the following: 1. Social neglect or deprivation in the form of persistent lack of having basic emotional needs for comfort, stimulation and affection met by caregiving adults. 2. Repeated changes of primary caregivers that limit opportunities to form stable attachments 3. Rearing in unusual settings that severely limit opportunities to form selective attachments
44
What is the difference between RAD and DSED
RAD has only been linked to children who lack secure attachments. DSED has been linked to children who lacked secure attachments, but have experienced some recovery. DSED is also treatment resistant. Do not see as much improvement with healthy caregiving as opposed to RAD where massive improvement is also noted.
45
DSED is linked to higher rates of
externalizing disorders
46
RAD is linked to higher rates of
internalizing disorders
47
what are young children with DSED more likely to be misdiagnosed with
ADHD
48
what are young children with RAD more likely to be misdiagnosed with
Autism
49
is caregiver attachment history predictive of attachment style in children
YES

Child & Adolescent Psychopathology (2 decks)

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