ATTACHMENT- types of attachment

Question 1

strange situation- how was procedure carried out (3)

Answer 1

-controlled observation to measure security of baby’s attachment towards CG
-psychologists observe behaviour through a 2 way mirror
-each behaviour observed are 3 mins each

Question 2

strange situation- what behaviours were used to judge attachment

Answer 2

PRESS BEHAVIOURS
-proximity-seeking
-exploration+secure-base behaviour
-stranger anxiety
-separation anxiety
-response to reunion

Question 3

strange situation- what are the 7 stages of the procedure

Answer 3

1.baby encouraged to explore (E)
2.stranger enters room+approaches baby (S)
3.CG leaves baby+stranger together (S+S)
4.CG returns, stranger leaves (R)
5.CG leaves baby alone (S)
6.stranger returns (S)
7.CG returns to baby (R)

Question 4

strange situation findings- what is secure attachment (4)

Answer 4

(type B)
-60-75% UK babies
-moderate stranger+separation anxiety
-explore happily, regularly go back to CG
-require+accept comfort from CG in reunion

Question 5

strange situation findings- what is insecure avoidant attachment (4)

Answer 5

(type A)
-20-25% UK babies
-no stranger+separation anxiety
-explore happily, dont seek proximity or show secure-base behaviour
-make little effort to make contact when CG returns, may avoid contact

Question 6

strange situation findings- what is insecure resistant attachment (5)

Answer 6

(type C)
-3% UK babies
-high strange+separation anxiety
-explore less, seek greater proximity
-high stranger+separation anxiety
-resist comfort from CG in reunion

Question 7

cultural variations- ijzendoorn and kroonenberg procedure (2)

Answer 7

-studied proportions of attachment types across a range of countries to assess cultural variations
-located 32 strange situation studies which were done in 8 different countries and data was meta-analysed

Question 8

cultural variations- ijzendoorn and kroonenberg general findings (2)

Answer 8

-secure attachment was most common in all countries
-wide variation in proportions of attachment types in different studies

Question 9

cultural variations- ijzendoorn and kroonenberg findings in different cultures (3)

Answer 9

-collectivist cultures had above 25% insecure-resistant
-individualistic cultures had same rate of insecure-resistant as ainsworth’s sample (<14%)
-variations between results in same country were 150% greater than between countries eg. US found 46% secure in one sample and 90% secure in a different sample

Question 10

cultural variations- ijzendoorn and kroonenberg- which country had the most insecure-avoidant

Answer 10

germany

Question 11

cultural variations- ijzendoorn and kroonenberg- which country had the most insecure-resistant

Answer 11

israel

Question 12

Simonelli italian sstudy- procedure and findings (3)

Answer 12

-assessed 76 babies using strange situation
-50%= secure, 36%= insecure avoidant
-lower rate of secure, higher rate of insecure avoidant than other studies

Question 13

simonelli italian study- conclusion of findings (2)

Answer 13

-findings could be due to there being more mothers of very young children working long hours and using professional childcare
-suggests patterns of attachment arent static, but vary in line with cultural change

Question 14

Kyoung korean study- procedure and findings (3)

Answer 14

-assessed 87 babies with strange situation
-proportions of secure+inseucre were similar to those in most countries, most babies were secure
-more of the insecure babies were resistant- only one was avoidant

Question 15

kyoung korean study- conclusion of findings

Answer 15

-findings similar to distribution of attachment types in japan
-japan and korea have similar child-rearing styles