Attatchment- Caregiver infant interactions and animal studies Flashcards
What is reciprocity ?
Turn taking form of interaction, both infant and caregiver respond to each others signals and cues
What is interactional synchrony ?
Simultaneous interaction between infant and caregiver who appear to be acting rhythmically
What is the major disadvantage to studying caregiver- infant interactions ?
It is a highly socially sensitive topic and people may change how they act around their children to fit this stereotype
Who identified the stages of attachment ?
Schaffer
What is the first stage of attachment ?
Asocial- 0-6 weeks, Babies display innate behaviours such as crying and smiling and do not gave a preferred caregiver and will therefore be comforted by anyone
What is the second stage of attachment ?
Indiscriminate attachment- 6 weeks to 7 months, Can tell humans apart but do not yet show stranger anxiety or separation anxiety
What is the third stage of attachment ?
Specific attachment- 7-9 months, Babies form strong attachment to primary caregiver and start to show separation and stranger anxiety
What is the fourth stage of attachment ?
Multiple attachments- 9-10+ months, infant starts to form attachment with more caregivers and stranger anxiety decreases.
How did Schaffer and Emerson identify the 4 stages of attachment ?
They conducted a longitudinal observation study on 60 working class mothers and their babies in Glasgow and identified what age babies had the least- most stranger and separation anxiety
What is the stereotypical role of the father ?
Play figure who engages in active play with the child, encourage risk taking behaviours
What is a disadvantage of investigating into the role of the father ?
It is a socially sensitive topic and homosexual families may feel as tho they cannot provide the ‘mothers’ role for their infants
What did Lorenz investigate ?
The effects of early imprinting on geese/ goslings
What did Lorenz find was the critical period for goslings to imprint ?
32 hours, if the gosling did not see a large moving object to imprint on in these few hours it lost the ability to imprint.
What were the findings of Harlows study ?
Rhesus monkeys have a biological instinct for comfort rather than food providing evidence against the cupboard love theory (Babies love their mothers because they feed them)
What were the long term impacts of Harlows study?
He found that due to the maternal deprivation the monkeys endured at an early age, they had difficulty with social activities such as mating and raising their own offspring.
