Attention

Question 1

Attention definition

Answer 1

consideration to one object/idea and withdrawal from another

involves: focus, consciousness, concentration

Question 2

Selective attention

Answer 2

allocate resource to different tasks

intentional or involuntary

Question 3

Selective attention: intentional

Answer 3

purposely focus on one thing while blocking out other

Question 4

Selective attention: involuntary

Answer 4

response to external stimuli

Question 5

Stroop effect

Answer 5

congruent vs incongruent

neutral word, name color of print vs colored word, name color of print

Question 6

Cocktail party effect

Answer 6

2 messages simultaneously

unattended stim processed in parallel with attended stim

Question 7

Inattention blindness

Answer 7

failure to see certain visual stim because of engagement to another

Question 8

Limitations of selective attention

Answer 8

unattended stimuli processed in parallel

Question 9

Divided attention

Answer 9

multitasking

Question 10

Interference

Answer 10

decreased ability to simultaneously attend to 2 tasks

structural vs capacity

Question 11

Structural interference

Answer 11

physically doing to 2 things at once is impossible

Question 12

Capacity interference

Answer 12

cognitively interfered

Question 13

Mental effort

Answer 13

automatic or controlled processing

automatic (parallel/fast) is not subject to interference as much
controlled processing (serial/slow) is subject to interference

Question 14

Theories of Attention

Answer 14

Single channel filter theory
Flexible allocation of capacity theory
Multiple resources theory
Action-selection theory

Question 15

Single channel filter theory

Answer 15

attention=single resource allocated to a single operation of IP

serial processing in nature, fixed capacity of IP

bottle neck thoery

Question 16

Flexible allocation of capacity theory

Answer 16

allocation of capacity is not fixed

parallel processing in all stages

acknowledges divided attention/capacity changes with task

Question 17

Multiple resource theory

Answer 17

pools or resources, with each pool handling specific kinds of IP

attention- allocated to input/output simultaneously

Question 18

Action selection theory

Answer 18

selection is the fundamental process of attention

parallel processing in early stages of IP, selects action then prevention of other action

Question 19

Double Stim paradigm

Answer 19

SOA- if <50ms 2 responses together= increased RT

SOA 50-300, more overlap interference begins

Question 20

Conclusion of Double stim paradigm

Answer 20

single channel exists
single channel in later stages
bottle neck at response selection/programming stage

Question 21

attention during movement

Answer 21

doesn’t always require attention

diverted to the environment
diverted to the response programming of IP

Question 22

Secondary Task Technique

Answer 22

discrete (attention strongest in beginning/end or continuous (dual task)

decrease in speed/quality of either
task 1
task 2
task 1 and task 2
failture to complete secondary task

Question 23

Dual task

Answer 23

Distracted driving= 4x increase in accidents

structural vs capacity interference

depends on:
driving environment
driving characteristics
nature of conversation

Question 24

Focus of attention

Answer 24

intrinstic- benefits beginners/novices

extrinstic- benefits experts