Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Flashcards
How is the pattern of such behaviors characterized and differentiated from individuals without ADHD?
- Persistent
- Dysfunctional
What behaviors are implicated in ADHD?
- Overactivity, cannot sit still
- Poor impulse control
- Inattention
- Distractibility
- Disruptive in class.
What is the prevalence of ADHD in school-age children?
3-5%
Criteria for diagnosis
- Onset of inattentive, hyperactive, or impulsive symptoms before age 7.
- Symptoms must be present in 2 or more setting (home and school usually).
- Duration of symptoms exceeds 6 months.
What are the goals of ADHD treatment?
Improve performance in school, improve self-esteem, prevent behavioral complications.
What pharmacological class is used with greatest benefit in children with ADHD?
Psychostimulants
In what percentage of children with ADHD do symptoms persist into adulthood?
30%
What drugs are considered first line to treat ADHD?
Short- and intermediate-acting, and extended release methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta) and short- and intermediate-acting, and extended release dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine, Adderall).
What drugs are considered second line to treat ADHD?
Antidepressants, such as tricyclics (eg. Imipramine and desipramine) and bupropion (Wellbutrin), and the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine (Stratterra).
In addition to pharmacological treatment, what other modalities are used in managing ADHD?
Behavioral strategies such as positive reinforcement for appropriate behaviors and task completion, limit setting, and tailoring environmental stimulation to manageable levels.
What are the main differential diagnosis for the hyperactive symptoms of ADHD?
Age-appropriate behaviors in active children; mania.
What dosing strategy is employed when using psychostimulants in children?
- Using the smallest effective does.
- Limiting use of medication to periods when it is needed most.
