Attitudes and Attitude Change

Question 1

An attitude based more on people’s feelings and values than on their beliefs about the nature of an attitude object

Answer 1

Affectively based attitude

Question 2

The strength of the association between an attitude object and a person’s evaluation of that object, measured by the speed with which people can report how they feel about the object

Answer 2

Attitude accessibility

Question 3

Making people immune to attempts to change their attitudes by initially exposing them to small doses of the arguments agains their position

Answer 3

Attitude inoculation

Question 4

Evaluations of objects, people and ideas

Answer 4

Attitudes

Question 5

An attitude based on observation of how one behaves toward an object

Answer 5

Behaviourally based attitude

Question 6

The case in which people elaborate on a persuasive communication, listening carefully to and thinking about the arguments, which occurs when people have both the ability and the motivation to listen carefully to a communication

Answer 6

Central route to persuasion

Question 7

The phenomenon whereby a stimulus that elicits an emotional response is repeatedly paired with a neutral stimulus that does not, until the neutral stimulus takes on the emotional properties of the first stimulus

Answer 7

Classical conditioning

Question 8

An attitude based primarily on people’s beliefs about the properties of an attitude object

Answer 8

Cognitively based attitude

Question 9

A model explaining 2 ways in which persuasive communication can cause attitude change; centrally and peripherally

Answer 9

Elaboration Likelihood model

Question 10

Attitudes that we consciously endorse and can easily report

Answer 10

Explicit attitudes

Question 11

Persuasive message that attempts to change people’s attitudes by arousing their fears

Answer 11

Fear-arousing communication

Question 12

Explanation of the 2 ways in which persuasive communications can cause attitude change; systematically processing the merits of the argument or using mental shortcuts (heuristics) such as “experts are always right”

Answer 12

Heuristic-Systematic Model of persuasion

Question 13

Attitudes that are involuntary, uncontrollable, and at times unconscious

Answer 13

Implicit attitudes

Question 14

A personality variable reflecting the extent to which people engage in and enjoy effortful cognitive activities

Answer 14

Need for cognition

Question 15

Behaviours become more or less frequent depending on whether they are followed by a reward (positive reinforcement) or punishment t

Answer 15

Operant conditioning

Question 16

The case in which people do not elaborate on the arguments in a persuasive communication but are instead swayed by peripheral cues

Answer 16

Peripheral route to persuasion

Question 17

Communication advocating a particular side of an issue

Answer 17

Persuasive communication

Question 18

When people feel their freedom to perform a certain behaviour is threatened, an unpleasant state of reactance dis arouse,d which they can reduce by performing the threatened behaviour

Answer 18

Reactance theory

Question 19

Words or pictures that are not consciously perceived but may nevertheless influence people’s judgements, attitudes and behaviours

Answer 19

Subliminal messages

Question 20

People’s intentions are the best predictors of their deliberate behaviours, which are determined by their attitudes toward specific behaviours. their subjective norms, and they reprieved behavioural control

Answer 20

Theory of planned behaviour

Question 21

the study of conditions under which people are most likely to change their attitudes in response to persuasive messages, focusing on the source of the communication, the nature of the communication and the nature of the audience,

Answer 21

Yale attitude change approach