Atypical Cervical Vertebrae C1/Atlas

Question 1

What is the name of the first cervical vertbrae

Answer 1

Atlas

Question 2

What features are lacking at C1

Answer 2

Vertebral body
pedicles
spinous process
intervertebral disc

Question 3

What muscles attach to the anterior arch of C1

Answer 3

Longus coli

Question 4

What ligaments will attach to the anterior arch of C1

Answer 4

Anterior longitudinal ligament
Anterior atalnto-occipital ligament
Anterior atlanto-axial ligament

Question 5

What is observed on the back of the anterior arch of C1

Answer 5

the Fovea dentis

Question 6

What is the morphology of the superior articular facet of C1

Answer 6

They are elliptical
Closer togerther in front
Demonstrate elevation subdividing the facet surfaces into two separate surfaces

Question 7

What is the orientation of the superior articular facets of C1

Answer 7

Backward, upward, medial (BUM)

Question 8

What are the morphological caharateristics of the inferior articular facet of C1

Answer 8

Asymmetrical

Slightly concave or flattened

Question 9

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of C1

Answer 9

Backward, Medial, Downward (BMD)

Question 10

What muscles attach to the lateral mass of C1

Answer 10

Levator scapula
Splenius cervicis
rectus capitis anterior

Question 11

What is thought to represent the pedicle at C1

Answer 11

The anterior arch

Question 12

What is the name of the rounded elevation on the medial aspect of the lateral mass of c1

Answer 12

Tubercle for the transverse atlantal ligament

Question 13

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch to the skin in each gender

Answer 13

Males: 50mm
Females: 37mm

Question 14

What attaches to the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of C1

Answer 14

rectus capitis posterior minor muscles and ligamentum nuchae

Question 15

What attaches to the arcuate rim of C1

Answer 15

The posterior atlanto-occipital ligament

Question 16

Ossification of the free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament results in which atypical bone classification

Answer 16

accessory bone

Question 17

What is the earliest age of development where ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament was observed

Answer 17

about 7 years of age

Question 18

What may be formed by ossification of the anterior free margin on the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament

Answer 18

a partial ponticulus posticus or complete ponticulus posticus

Question 19

What other name may be used to identify a ponticulus posticus

Answer 19

Kimmerle’s anomaly

Question 20

What names are given to the opening formed by the ponticulus posticus

Answer 20

Arcuate foramen or retroarticular canal

Question 21

Ponticulus posticus has observed in what ehtnic population

Answer 21

All ethnic populations studies so far

Question 22

What is the general range of incidence of ponticulus posticus in the populations studied

Answer 22

1%-41%

Question 23

What is the gender bias now associated with potinculus posticus

Answer 23

female

Question 24

What is the location of the zygapophysis relative to the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial intervertebral foramina

Answer 24

it forms part of the anterior boundary of the intervertebral foramen in both cases

Question 25

What are the osseous parts of the transverse process of C1

Answer 25

costal element posterior tubercle true transverse process

Question 26

What osseous parts of the transverse process are absent at C1

Answer 26

anterior tubercle and costotransverse bar

Question 27

What muscles attach to the transverse process of C1

Answer 27

``` Rectus capitis anterior, ractus captitis lateralis Middle scalene levator scapula splenius cervicis obliquus capitis superior obliquus capitis inferior Intertransversarii muscles ```

Question 28

What suboccipital muscles are known to have fascial projections attaching to the spinal dura

Answer 28

Rectus capitis posterir minor rectus capitis posterior major obliquud capitis inferior

Question 29

What are the connections between suboccipital muscles and the spinal dura called

Answer 29

myodural bridges

Question 30

What are the lateral bridges of atlas connected to

Answer 30

The lateral mass and the transverse process of atlas

Question 31

What opening is identified when a complete lateral bridge is formed

Answer 31

the retrotransverse foramen

Question 32

What are the possible contents of the retrotransverse foramen

Answer 32

the vertebral artery | a branch from the suboccipital nerve and veins communicating with the venous sinuses of the neck

Question 33

Which of the ponticles of atlas is only observed in humans

Answer 33

Lateral bridges

Question 34

What is observed in the transverse foramen of C1

Answer 34

Vertebral artery Vertebral venous plexus postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers

Question 35

What is the gender variation of measurements of the transverse diameter of C1

Answer 35

Males: 78mm Females: 72mm

Question 36

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of C1 to the skin for each gender

Answer 36

little over 30mm for both males and females

Question 37

What joint classification are observed at C1

Answer 37

Fibrous Syndesmosis joint Synovial ellipsoidal joint Synovial pivot joint Synovial plane joint

Question 38

How many synovial joint surfaces are observed at C1

Answer 38

five

Question 39

What synovial joint surfaces are observed at C1

Answer 39

two superior articular facets two inferior articular facets fovea dentis