Atypical Cervical Vertebrae- C2 Flashcards
(22 cards)
What names are given to C2?
Axis or epistropheus
What unique vertebral body modification is characteristic of C2?
The Dens or Odontoid Process
How many joint surfaces are present on the Ondontoid process of C2?
Five
What joint surfaces are present on the the Odontoid Process of C2?
(5)
Facet for the fovea dentis
Groove for the transverse atlantal ligament
Attachment sites for the alar ligaments
Attachment site for the apical dental ligament
Which joint classifications are represented at the Ondontoid Process of C2?
(2)
Fibrous (ampiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint Synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid joint)
What is the name given to the odontoid process when the facet for the fovea dents lies above the groove for the transverse atlantal ligament and the attachment sites for the apical dental and alar ligaments appear to be directed posterior?
Lordotic dens
What is the name given to the odontoid process when the facet for the fovea dents lies below the groove for the transverse atlantal ligament and the attachment sites for the apical-dental and alar ligaments appear to be directed anterior?
Kyphotic dens
What joint classifications are present at the inferior part of the vertebral body of C2?
(3)
Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis
Modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis seller)
Cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis
How many joint surfaces are present at the vertebral body of C2?
Ten
What joint classifications are present at the vertebral body of C2?
(4)
Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis
Synovial Pivot (diarthrosis trochoid)
Modified Synovial Saddle (diarthrosis seller)
Cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis
What ligament forms the anterior boundary for the spinal canal above C2?
(1)
Membrana tectoria
What ligament forms the anterior boundary for the spinal canal below C2?
Posterior longitudinal ligament
What lies on the upper surface of the pedicle of C2?
Superior articular process
What attaches to the lamina of C2?
3
Obliquus Capitis Inferior muscle
Posterior Atlanto-Axial ligament
Ligamentum Flavum
What is the appearance of the superior articular facets of C2?
They are asymmetrical and slightly convex
What is the facet orientation of the superior articular facet of C2?
Backward, upward, and lateral (BUL)
What is the orientation of the inferior articular facets of C2?
Forward, lateral and down (FoLD)
What is the classification of the zygapophysis joints of C2?
Synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joint
What muscle attaches to the articular processes of C2?
Longissimus Cervicis
What is the gender variation of the transverse diameter of C2?
Males: 57 mm
Females: 50 mm
What muscles attach to the transverse process of C2?
5
Levator scapulae Middle scalene Splenius cervicis Longissimus cervicis Intertransversarii
What muscles attach to the spinous process of C2?
7
Rectus capitis posterior major Obliquus capitis inferior Spinalis cervicis Semispinalis cervicis Multifidis Rotators Interspinalis
