atypical sex chromosome patterns- gender

Question 1

what is kilinefelters syndrome

Answer 1

affects 1 in 600 males
biological males with anatomical appearance of male and have additional x chromosome- xxy
phsycial characteristics- reduced body hair, some breast development, softening or rounding of body contours, long gangly limbs, underdeveloped genitals, problems with coordination and general clumsiness, succeptible to health problems commonly found in females
psychological characteristics- pooorly developed lang skills and reading ability, passive, shy, lack interest in sexual activity, tend not to respind well to stressful situations, exhibit problems with executive functions

Question 2

what is turners syndrome

Answer 2

1 in 5000 biological females
caused by absence of one of two allotted x chromosomes- xo
have 45 chromosomes rather than 46
physical characteristics- dont have period, ovaried dont develop, infertile, dont develop breasts, broad shield chest, low set ears, webbed neck, high waist to hip ratio hips not much bigger than waist, physically immature and tend to retain the appearance of prepubescent girls
psychological characteristics- higher than average reading ability, performance on spatial visual memory and mathematical tasks lower than average, socially immature, have trouble relating to peers, experience trouble fitting in

Question 3

what is the nature nurture debate

Answer 3

contribution to nature nurture
comparing people who have syndromes becomes possible to see psychological and behavioural differences between two groups
might be logically inferred differences have biological basis and direct result of abnormal chromosomal structure
support the view that innate nature infleucnes have powerufl effect on psychology and behaviour

issues in leaping to conclusion
relationship between atypical chromosomal patterns and differences in behaviour seen in individuals is not causal
may be that environmental and social influences are more resoonsible for behavioural differences
social immaturity in females arise from fact treated immaturely by people around them
parents teachers and others react to prepubescent appearance encourages immature behaviour and may have indirect imapact upon performance at school
shows could be wrong assume that psychological and behavioural differences in people with atypical sex chromosome patterns due to nature

Question 4

what is real world application

Answer 4

application to managing syndromes
research likely to lead to earlier and more accurate diagnosis as well as more positive outcomes in future
austrailian study 87 individuals with klinefelters syndrome showed those who had been identified and treated from young age experienced benefits int erms of managing syndromes compared to those who had been diagnosed in adults
suggests increased awareness does have real world application

Question 5

what is sampling issue

Answer 5

sampling issue
in order identify characteristics of xxy necessary to identify large number of individuals with disorder and build database- see full range of characteristics from mild to severe
boada= prospective studies produced more accurate picture of characteristics- many individuals with klinefelters dont experience sigf cognitive or psychological problems and many highly successful academically and personal lives and careers
suggests typical picture of syndromes may be exaggerated