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AUBF 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

currently provide a simple, rapid
means for performing medically significant
chemical analysis of urine

A

reagent strips

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2
Q

parts of reagent strips

A

chemically impregnated absorbent pads
plastic strips

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3
Q

pads+urine=

A

color reaction

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4
Q

illustrate parameters

A

glucose
ketones
specific gravity
ph
protein
urobilinogen
leukocyte
nitrite
blood
bilirubin

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5
Q

additional parameters

A

microalbumin - for renal disease
creatinine - for muscle waste
ascorbic acid- vitamins

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6
Q

major interference of ascorbic acid

A

B- bilirubin
B- blood
L- leukocyte
N- nitrite
G- glucose

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7
Q

longest time of reading

A

leukocyte-120s

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8
Q

Consists of chemical-impregnated absorbent
pads attached to a plastic strip. A color-producing
chemical reaction occurs when the absorbent pad
comes in contact with urine.

A

reagent strip

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9
Q

Two major types of reagent strips are
manufactured under the trade names

A

multistix
chemstrip

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10
Q

the enzymatic reactions
on the strips are

A

temperature dependent

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11
Q

possible inaccurate results

A

1.Interfering substances
2.Technical carelessness
3.Color blindness

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12
Q

Reagent strips must be protected from ____ caused
by moisture, volatile chemicals, heat, and light.

A

deterioration

moisture, volatile chemicals, heat, and light.

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13
Q

Reagent strips are packaged in ___ to protect them from ___

A

opaque containers with a
desiccant

light and moisture.

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14
Q

Bottles should not be opened in the presence of

A

volatile fumes

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15
Q

Manufacturers recommend that reagent strips be stored at

A

room temperature below 30°C (but never refrigerated).

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16
Q

Reagent strips must be checked with both ___ a minimum of ___

A

positive and
negative controls

once every 24 hours.

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17
Q

not
recommended as a negative control

A

distilled water

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18
Q

why distilled water is not recommended as negative control

A

because reagent strip chemical reaction designed to perform at ionic concentration similar urine

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19
Q

Test using different reagents or methodologies to
detect the same substances as detected by the
reagent strips with the same or greater sensitivity
or specificity.

A

confirmatory testing

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20
Q

Parameter with longest reading time:

A

leukocyte esterase

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21
Q

11th pad in the urine reagent strip detects: _

A

ascorbic acid

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22
Q

Parameters affected by the presence of Ascorbic Acid:

A

BBLNG

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23
Q

principle of ph

A

double indicator system

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24
Q

For precipitation and identification of crystals

A

ph

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25
Assessment of acid base disorders
ph
26
Assessment of defects in tubular specimens
ph
27
Determination of unsatisfactory specimens
ph
28
NORMAL VALUE: ph  RANDOM SAMPLES:
4.5 - 8.0
29
normal value: ph FIRST MORNING:
5.0 - 6.0
30
acid urine
diabetes mellitus high protein and high meat diet starvation diarrhea acid producing bacteria emphysema cranberry juice medication
31
alkaline urine
Hyperventilation Renal tubular disorders Renal tubular disorders Vegetarian Diet Old specimens Vomiting Urease-producing bacteria After meals (alkaline tide)
32
ph Manufacturers use a double-indicator system of
methyl red and bromthymol blue
33
methyl red color and ph
red to yellow 4-6
34
bromthymol blue color change and ph
yellow to blue ph 6-9
35
ph range 5-9 color change
ph 5 - orange to yellow ph9- green to final deep blue
36
ph reagent strips sensitivity of multistix and chemstrip
multistix: 5.0 to 8.5 in 0.5 increments chemstrip: 5.0 to 9.0 in 1.0 increments
37
principle of protein
protein error of indicator
38
reagent of protein
tetrabromphenol blue
39
Reagent strip for protein is more sensitive to
albumin
40
major protein found in urine)
albumin
41
mucoprotein produced by the renal tubules and forms
tamm horsfall protein and uromodulin
42
MATRIX of ALL TYPES OF CASTS
Serum and tubular microglobulins Proteins from prostatic, seminal and vaginal secretions
43
most common indication of renal disease.
proteinuria
44
sink to the bottom of the specimen and will be undetected in an unmixed specimen.
red and white blood cells
45
normal values of proteinuria
150mg/24 hours (henry) <10mg/dl or 100mg/24 hr (strasinger)
46
minimal proteinuria
<1.0g/day or <10mg/day
47
MODERATE PROTEINURIA=
1.0-4.0g/day (10-40 mg/day)
48
HEAVY PROTEINURIA=
= >4.0 g/day (>40 mg/day)
49
found in patients with MM; a monoclonal light chain that precipitates at 40-60C and dissolve at 100C.
bence jones protein
50
bence jones protein precipitates at ___ and dissolves at __
40-60C 100 C
51
presence of increased proteins in the urine
clinical proteinuria
52
clinical proteinuria value
>30 mg/dL(300 mg/L)
53
-caused by conditions affecting the plasma prior to its reaching the kidney and, therefore, is not indicative of actual renal disease
pre renal
54
 caused by increased levels of low-molecularweight plasma proteins such as hemoglobin (intravascular hemolysis), myoglobin(muscle injury, and acute phase reactants (infection and inflammation)
pre renal
55
-associated with true renal disease may be the result of either glomerular or tubular damage
RENAL PROTEINURIA-
56
Glomerular Proteinuria
1. impaired selective filtration 2. increased amount of serum protein 3. RBC/WBC pass through the membrane
57
postural proteinuria w/c occurs in 3%- 5% of apparently healthy young adults
ORTHOSTATIC PROTEINURIA
58
usually transient and can be produced by conditions such as strenuous exercise, high fever, dehydration, and exposure to cold.
Benign proteinuria
59
fanconi syndrome, toxic agents/heavy metals, pyelonephritis, acute tubular necrosis, polycystic kidney disease, phenacetin damage
TUBULAR PROTEINURIA
60
proteinuria not detected by the routine reagent strip
MICROALBUMINURIA-
61
signifies onset of renal complications of DM
 MICROALBUMINURIA-
62
METHODS for detecting Microalbuminuria
Quantitative procedures MICRAL TEST IMMUNODIP ALBUMIN:CREATININE RATIO
63
for albumin using 24 hour specimen
Quantitative procedures
64
strip employing antibody-enzyme conjugate for human albumin
micral test
65
PRINCIPLE: Immunochromatographics
IMMUNODIP
66
PRINCIPLE: Sensitive albumin tests related to creatinine concentration to correct for patient hydration
ALBUMIN:CREATININE RATIO
67
SENSITIVITY: Albumin: Creatinine:
10-50 mg/L 10-300 mg/dL
68
SIGNIFICANT if ALBUMIN:CREATININE is
>3.4 mg/mmol
69
lower UTI (ureters, bladders, uethra, prostate and  vagina  Menstrual contamination Vaginal secretions or prostatic sperms these indicates?
post renal
70

AUBF (8 decks)

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