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HEMA (ERYTHROCYTES) > AUBF Chapter 5 > Flashcards

AUBF Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Defined as test using different reagents/methodologies

A

Confirmatory testing

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2
Q

Using tablets and chemicals

A

Non-reagent strip testing

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3
Q

Chemical parameters for which they are used

A

Specific confirmatory test

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4
Q

Slightly acidic

First morning specimen

A

pH 5.0-6.0

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5
Q

pH of normal random samples

A

pH 4.5-8.0

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6
Q

Reagents strip must be….

A

Package in opaque containers w/ dessicant

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7
Q

Clinical significance of pH

A

Acid base disorders

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8
Q

The precipitation of inorganic chemicals dissolved in the urine forms a

A

Urinary crystals and renal calculi

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9
Q

Principles of pH

A

Double-indicator system

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10
Q

Methy red produces a color?

pH?

A

Red to yellow

pH 4-6

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11
Q

Bromthymol blue produces a color?

pH?

A

Yellow to Blue

pH 5-9

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12
Q

Reagents of pH

A

Methy red and bromthymol blue

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13
Q

Clinical significance of protein

A

Renal disease

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14
Q

Clinical proteinuria is indicated (mg/dL)

A

30 mg/dL or greater (300 mg/L)

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15
Q

Is often associated w/ early renal disease

A

Proteinuria

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16
Q

Normal urine contains

A

Less than 10 mg/dL or 100 mg per 24 hrs

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17
Q

Produce by the renal tubular epithelial cells

A

Uromodulin

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18
Q

Another name for uromodulin

A

Tamm-horsfall protein

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19
Q

Caused by conditions affecting the plasma

A

Prerenal proteinuria

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20
Q

Associated with infection and inflammation

A

Acute phase reactants

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21
Q

Associated with true renal disease

A

Renal proteinuria

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22
Q

A persistent benign proteinuria occurs in young adults

A

Orthostatic proteinuria

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23
Q

Principle of protein

A

Protein error of indicators

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24
Q

Confirmatory test in protein

A

SSA (sulfosalicylic acid precipitation test)

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25
Another name for micral test
Roche diagnostics | Indianapolis, IN
26
A gold labeled antihuman albumin antibody enzyme (strips)
Micral test reagents strips
27
Another name for immunoDip
Sakisui diagnostics | Framingham, MA
28
Uses a immunochromographic technique
ImmunoDip reagent strip
29
Confirmatory test for glucose
Glucose test
30
Most frequently peformed chemical analysis on urine
Glucose test
31
Principle of glucose
Double sequential enzyme reaction
32
Chromogens: multistix; color
Potassium iodide | Green to brown
33
Chromogens: chemstrip; color
Tetramethybenzidine | Yellow to green
34
Reagents for glucose (M)
Glucose oxidase Peroxidase Potassium iodide
35
Reagent for glucose (C)
Glucose oxidase Peroxidase Tetramethylbenzidine
36
Confirmatory test in glucose
Clinitest (cupper reduction test)
37
Clinical significance of glucose
D. Mellitus Pancreatitis Gestational diabetes
38
3 intermediate products of fat metabolism and their percentage
Acetone (2%) Acetoacetic acid (20%) p-hydroxybutyrate (78%)
39
Deficiency in urine
Ketonuria
40
Clinical significance of ketones
Fat metabolism D. Mellitus Starvation
41
Principles of ketones
Sodium nitroprusside reaction
42
Color reaction of ketones
Purple
43
Sulfhydryl groups including... | May produce atypical color reactions
Mercaptoethane sulnate sodium (MESNa) | Captopril
44
Reagents for ketones (M)
Sodium nitroprusside
45
Reagents for ketones (C)
Sodium nitroprusside Glycine
46
Confirmatory test for ketones
Acetest tablets
47
Acetest provides..
Sodium nitroprusside, Glycine, disodium phosphate and lactose
48
Clinical significance of the blood
Hematuria, myoglobinuria, hemoglubinuria
49
Most closely related to renal disorders | Result of trauma/damage to organs of these systems
Hematuria
50
May result from the lysis of RBC produced in the urinary tract Result: from intravascular hemolysis and subsequent of filtering of hemoglobin
Hemoglobinuria
51
A heme-containing protein found in muscles tissue.
Myoglobinuria
52
Principle of blood
Pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin
53
Reagent used in blood
Tetramethylbenzidine
54
Color reaction of the blood
Green-blue
55
Higly pigmented yellow compound | A degradation product of hemoglobin
Bilirubin
56
Principle for bilirubin
Diazo rection
57
Confirmatory test for bilirubin
ICTO test
58
Clinical significance for bilirubin
Liver disease Hepatitis Cirrhosis
59
Color reaction of bilirubin
Tan/pink to violet
60
Regeant used in bilirubin (M)
Dichloroaniline diazonium salt
61
Reagent used in bilirubin (C)
Dichlorobenzene diazonium salt
62
Principle of urobilinogen (M)
Erlichs aldehyde reaction
63
Principle of urobilinogen (C)
Azo coupling reaction
64
Reagent strip for urobilinogen (M)
p-dimethylaminobenzaldehayde
65
Reagent strip for urobilinogen (C) | Color reaction:
Methoxybenzene-diazonium tetraflouroborate | White to pink
66
Principle of nitrite
Greiss reaction
67
An inflammatory process of the kidney and adjacent renal pelvis
Pyelonephritis
68
Clinical significance of nitrite
UTI | Cytitis
69
Valuable for detecting initial bladder infection
Nitrite test
70
Detection of increased urinary leukocytes
LE test
71
Principle of leukocyte
Granulocyte test
72
Color reaction of LE
Purple azodye
73
False (-) results may occur in the presence of protein (mg/dL)
< 500 mg/dL
74
False (-) results may occur in the presence of protein (mg/dL)
< 500 mg/dL
75
Glucose may measure in false (-)
< 3 g/dL
76
Reagent strip for LE (M)
Pyrrole amino acid ester
77
Reagent strip for LE (C)
Indoxylcarbonic acid ester
78
Correlations of LE
Protein Nitrite Microscopic
79
Principle of Specific gravity
Change in pKa of a polyelectrolyte
80
Sensitivity of the specific gravity
1.000 to 1.030
81
Reagent strip for SG
Bromthymol blue
82
SG False (-) False (+)
(-) higly alkaline urines | (+) high concentration of proteins
83
Reaction time for SG
45 secs.
84
Reaction time for bilirubin
30 sec
85
Reaction time for glucose
30 sec
86
Reaction time for Ketones
40 sec
87
Reaction time for pH, protein, blood, urobilinogen, nitrite
60 secs
88
Reaction time for LE
120 secs
89
Bilirubin False (-) (+)
(-) high concentration of nitrite | (+) higly pigmented urines
90
Glucose False (-) False (+)
(-)High level of ascorbic acid/ ketones High SG (+) Contamination by oxidizing agents and detergents
91
Ketones False (-) False (+)
(-) high pigmented red urine, phthalein dyes | (+) improperly preserved urine
92
pH False (-) False (+)
Bacterial growth and matabolism may cause marked increase
93
Protein False (-) False (+)
(-) microalbuminuria, proteins other than urine | (+) highly buffered interference urine
94
Blood False (-) False (+)
(-) higg specific gravity, formalin, captopril | (+) strong oxidizing agents, bacterial peroxidases
95
Uro False (-) False (+)
(-) old specimens, preservation in formalin | (+) highly pigmented urine
96
Nitrite False (-) False (+)
(-) non-reductase containing bacteria, lack of urinary nitrate (+) improperly preserved specimens
97
LE False (-) False (+)
(-) high concentration of glucose, protein, oxalic/ascorbic acid (+) strong oxidizing agents Formalin

HEMA (ERYTHROCYTES) (3 decks)

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