AUBF EE Flashcards by Pauline Alcaraz

Why is the first-voided morning urine
specimen the most desirable specimen for
routine urinalysis?

D. Most concentrated specimen of the
day and therefore it is more likely that
abnormalities will be detected

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The physical characteristic of color
is assessed when a routine urinalysis
is performed. What substance is
normally found in urine that is principally
responsible for its yellow coloration?

D. Urochrome

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In certain malignant disorders, what
substance is found in the urine that turns
the urine dark brown or black on exposure
of the urine to air?

C. Melanin

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What is the expected pH range of a freshly
voided urine specimen?

D. 4.5-8.0

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Urine specimens should be analyzed as
soon as possible after collection. If urine
specimens are allowed to stand at room
temperature for an excessive amount of
time, the urine pH will become alkaline
because of bacterial decomposition of

B. Urea

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Which term is defined as a urine volume
in excess of 2000 mL excreted over a
24-hour period?

C. Polyuria

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The reagent test strips used for the
detection of protein in urine are most
reactive to

A. Albumin

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A urine specimen that exhibits yellow
foam on being shaken should be suspected
of having an increased concentration of

C. Bilirubin

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How should controls be run to ensure the
precision and accuracy of the reagent test
strips used for the chemical analysis of
urine?

C. Positive and negative controls should
be run on a daily basis.

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The colorimetric reagent strip test for
protein is able to detect as little as 5-20 nig
of protein per deciliter. What may cause a
false-positive urine protein reading?

D. pH is greater than 8.0.

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“Isosthenuria” is a term applied to a series
of urine specimens from the same patient
that exhibit a

D. Fixed specific gravity of approximately 1.010

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A urine specimen is tested by a reagent
strip test and the sulfosalicylic acid test to
determine whether protein is present. The
former yields a negative protein, whereas
the latter results in a reading of 2+
protein. Which of the following statements
best explains this difference?

C. A protein other than albumin must be
present in the urine.

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Which of the following is the major
organic substance found in urine?

D. Urea

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Each of the following is included in the
quality assurance program for a urinalysis
laboratory. Which one represents a
preanalytical component of testing?

A. Setting collection guidelines for
24-hour urines

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The presence of ketone bodies in urine
specimens may be detected by use of a
reagent strip impregnated with sodium
nitroprusside. This strip test is sensitive
to the presence of

B. Acetoacetic acid and acetone

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A routine urinalysis is performed on a
young child suffering from diarrhea. The
reagent test strip is negative for glucose
but positive for ketones. These results may
be explained by which of the following
statements?

C. The child is suffering from increased
catabolism of fat because of decreased
intestinal absorption.

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The principle of the colorimetric reagent
strip test for hemoglobin is based on the
peroxidase activity of hemoglobin in
catalyzing the oxidation of a dye with
peroxide to form a colored compound.
This method may yield false-positive
results for the presence of hemoglobin
when the urine specimen contains

C. Myoglobin

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A reagent test strip impregnated with
a diazonium salt such as diazotized
2,4-dichloroaniline may be used to
determine which analyte?

D. Bilirubin

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Which of the following will contribute to a
specimen’s specific gravity if it is present
in a person’s urine?

B. 85 mg/dL glucose

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With infections of the urinary system,
white blood cells are frequently seen in
the urine sediment. What type of white
blood cell is seen the most frequently in
urine sediment?

D. Neutrophil

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A random urine is collected from a patient
and the results obtained are as follows:
urine albumin =16 mg/dL and urine
creatinine = 140 mg/dL. These findings
are consistent with

A. Microalbuminuria

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To detect more easily the presence of casts
in urine sediments, which microscopic
method can be used?

B. Phase-contrast microscopy

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Which substance found in urinary
sediment is more easily distinguished
by use of polarized microscopy?

A. Lipids

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“Glitter cell” is a term used to describe
a specific type of

D. Neutrophil

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The final phase of degeneration that granular casts undergo is represented by which of the following casts?

D. Waxy

A 40-year-old female patient with a history of kidney infection is seen by her physician because she has felt lethargic for a few weeks. She has decreased frequency of urination and a bloated feeling. Physical examination shows periorbital swelling and general edema, including a swollen abdomen. Significant urinalysis results show the following: color = yellow; appearance = cloudy/frothy; specific gravity = 1.022;pH = 7.0; protein = 4+; 0-3 WBC/hpf; 0-1 RBC/hpf; 0-2 renal epithelial cells/hpf; 10-20 hyaline casts/lpf; 0-1 granular casts/lpf; 0-1 fatty casts/lpf; occasional oval fat bodies. Her serum chemistries show significantly decreased albumin, increased urea nitrogen, and increased creatinine. These findings suggest which condition?

C. Nephrotic syndrome

A 47-year-old female patient with controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus complains of urinary frequency and burning. She provides a first-morning, clean-catch specimen. Results show color = yellow; appearance = cloudy; pH = 6.5; a representative microscopic high-power field is shown in Color Plate 46B. Which of the following is true for this patient?

B. The major formed elements are white blood cells and yeast.

Alkaptonuria, a rare hereditary disease, is characterized by the urinary excretion of

D. Homogentisic acid

A 22-year-old female clinical laboratory student performs a urinalysis on her own urine as part of a lab class. Significant results include: color = yellow; appearance = cloudy; pH = 7.5; nitrite = positive; leukocyte esterase - 2+; 25^0 WBC/hpf; 0-3 RBC/hpf; 2-5 squamous epithelial cells/hpf; moderate bacteria. All other chemistries and microscopic results were normal. These findings suggest

C. Lower urinary tract infection

Some clinical conditions are characterized by unique urinalysis result patterns. Which of the following shows such a relationship?

B. Intensive dieting: increased ketones, negative glucose

Metastatic carcinoid tumors arising from the enterochromaffin cells of the gastrointestinal tract are characterized by increased excretion of urinary

D. 5-Hydroxyindole acetic acid

Nitrite in a urine specimen suggests the presence of

C. Bacteria

If a fasting plasma glucose level of 100 mg/dL is obtained on an individual, what is the expected fasting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose level in mg/dL?

C. 65

A 35-year-old man has just experienced severe crush injuries sustained in a car accident. He has a broken pelvis and right femur and has numerous abrasions and contusions. A random urinalysis specimen shows a brown color and clear appearance. pH is 6.0, protein is 1 + , and blood is 3+. There is, however, only 0-1 RBC/hpf, along with 0-3 WBC/hpf. Casts found include hyaline (0-2/lpf) and granular (0-1/Ipf). Other urine results are normal. Which of the following is true about this patient?

C. Rhabdomyolysis may be a cause for the discrepant chemical/microscopic blood findings.

A 67-year-old male has routine testing done and shows an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 42 mL/min/1.73 m2. Which of the following is true for this patient?

D. The patient is in Stage 3 chronic kidney damage.

Which is true about the formed element shown in Color Plate 47 *?

A. May be found in normal alkaline urine

The major formed element in the highpower field shown in Color Plate 48 * is most likely a

D. Fiber artifact

Which of the following is true about the final concentrating of urine in the kidney?

C. Vasopressin controls the collecting duct reabsorption of water

If a urine specimen is left standing at room temperature for several hours, which of the following changes may occur?

A. Multiplication of bacteria

The formed element shown in Color Plate 49B would usually be found in the patient's urine along with which soluble biochemicals?

B. Ornithine and arginine

A 13-year-old ice skater is having her routine physical before the school year. Her first morning urinalysis results include color = straw; appearance = hazy; pH = 6.0; protein = trace; a representative microscopic high-power field is shown in Color Plate 50B. All other chemical results were normal. The major formed elements are and suggest .

D. Hyaline casts and mucus; normal sediment

Phenylketonuria may be characterized by which of the following statements?

A. It may cause brain damage if untreated.

What condition is suggested by the number of the formed element that predominates in the high-power field of Color Plate 5 !*?

D. Normal sample

Which of the following will be characterized by an increased number of the urinary component seen in Color Plate 52M?

A. Acute glomerulonephritis

Xanthochromia of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples may be due to increased levels of which of the following?

B. Protein

With the development of fetal lung maturity, which of the following phospholipid concentrations in amniotic fluid significantly and consistently increases?

D. Phosphatidyl choline

To determine amniotic fluid contamination with maternal urine, which of the following measurements could be used?

A. Creatinine concentration

A patient has been diagnosed with an upper gastrointestinal bleed. Which of the following would be characteristic for this condition?

C. Stool with a much darker brown/black color

A pleural effusion is found to have 3000 white blood cells per microliter and 5 g/dL total protein. From this it can be determined that the patient's effusion is

B. An exudate

The estimation of hyaluronic acid concentration by measurement of viscosity is useful in evaluating which type of fluid?

D. Synovial

Which of the following is characteristic of an exudate effusion?

A. Leukocyte count >1000/uL

Which of the following systems utilizes polyelectrolytes to determine the specific gravity of urine?

D. Reagent strip

Which methods may be used to quantify protein in both cerebrospinal fluid and urine specimens?

D. Coomassie brilliant blue and trichloroacetic acid

Which of the following characteristics is true of the primary urinary components shown in Color Plate 53B?

A. Consist of uromodulin protein

A characteristic of substances normally found dissolved in the urine is that they are all

A. Water soluble

Which of the following statements applies to the proper collection and handling of CSF?

D. With low-volume specimens, a culture is performed first, before cell counts are done.

Which of the following characteristics is true for the urinary components shown in Color Plate 54B?

B. Can also resemble cysteine crystals

A patient sends the following question to an online consumer health Web site: "I am a 22-year-old female who experienced increasing headaches, thirst, and decreasing energy. I was studying in the library when I felt lightheaded and passed out. I was taken to a hospital emergency department and they told me that my serum Acetest® was 40 mg/dL and urine glucose was 500 mg/dL. What does this mean?" How would you reply?

A. Your lab results pattern suggests diabetes mellitus.

Which urinalysis reagent strip test will never be reported out as "negative"?

B. Urobilinogen

Compared to the fecal occult blood test, which of the following is a disadvantage of performing a DNA-based test to detect colon cancer?

C. The DNA test is more expensive.

The following urinalysis results were obtained on a 40-year-old white male whose skin appeared yellowish during the clinical examination. Color and clarity— dark brown, clear; protein—negative; glucose—negative; blood—negative; ketones—negative; bilirubin— moderate; urobilinogen—0.2 mg/dL. These results are clinically significant in which of the following conditions?

A. Bile duct obstruction

Which of the following may be associated with morphologic examination of spermatozoa?

C. Papanicolaou stain may be used.

Which condition is characterized by increased levels of immunoglobulins in the cerebrospinal fluid, originating from within the central nervous system and not from the general blood circulation?

D. Multiple sclerosis

Which of the following statements pertains to screening methods used to determine pregnancy?

A. Immunoassays will use reagent anti-hCG to react with patient hCG.

The following urinalysis biochemical results were obtained from a 4-month-old infant who experienced vomiting and diarrhea after milk ingestion and failed to gain weight: pH—6; protein—negative; glucose—negative; ketone—negative; bilirubin—negative; Clinitest®—2+. These results are clinically significant in which of the following disorders?

D. Galactosemia

Which of the following is a true statement?

C. Bacteria introduced into a urine specimen at the time of the collection will have no immediate effect on the level of nitrite in the specimen.

AUBF EE Flashcards

(67 cards)