Aubf Urine

Question 1

SPECIMEN COLLECTION/HANDLING:

Answer 1

• Disposable, wide-mouthed, and flat-bottom containers ( screw cup )
• Clear containers and at least 50mL capacity
• bags for pediatrics and large plastic containers for 24-hour specimens
• Wear gloves when working with urine

Question 2

SPECIMEN LABELING:

Answer 2

• Information on label:
  o Patient’s name, ID number, date, time
  o Additional information: age, location, physician
• Place label on container, not lid
• Requisition form: must accompany specimen

Question 3

SPECIMEN REJECTION:

Answer 3

• Unlabeled containers
• Non-matching labels and requisitions
• Contaminated specimens – feces, paper
• Contaminated containers
• Insufficient quantity
• Delayed or improper transport

Question 4

Urine examination has been performed for many years as the diagnostic tool for many pathologic conditions by medical practitioners.

Answer 4

Urinalysis

Question 5

Urinalysis It provides initial information on the health status of the patient based on the following parameters:

Answer 5

urine odor, color, transparency, pH, specific gravity, and volume

Question 6

is the ultrafiltrate of the plasma, it gives evaluation to the status of the kidney.

Answer 6

Urine

Question 7

3 parts of urine examination:

Answer 7

Physical examination – provides initial
information of the health status
Chemical examination
Microscopic examination

Question 8

Parameter of urine

Answer 8

Odor
Urine color
Transparency
Clarity
pH
Specific gravity

Question 9

Freshly voided urine has a faint odor of aromatic compounds.

Answer 9

Odor

Question 10

becomes predominant as the specimen stands.

Answer 10

Ammoniacal odor

Question 11

Certain conditions produced unusual odors like bacterial infection which has ________,__________, and ___________which produces sweet or fruity odor.

Answer 11

foul, pungent odor and diabetic ketosis

Question 12

The normal color of urine is

Answer 12

Yellow

Question 13

It may vary from light yellow to amber color depending on the concentration of the pigment

Answer 13

Urochrome

Question 14

There are factors that cause variation in urine color

Answer 14

diet, physical activity, medication, and disease

Question 15

Urine colors:

Answer 15

orange, yellow-green, green, pink, red, and black

Question 16

normal yellow urine may also contain analyte that signifies a disease such as _______, ____________ and others

Answer 16

glucose, ketones

Question 17

is the general term pertaining to the clarity of the specimen.

Answer 17

Transparency (appearance)

Question 18

It is determined by visually examining the mixed specimen while holding it in front of light source.

Answer 18

Transparency

Question 19

Common terms used to report the appearance of urine are:

Answer 19

Clear, hazy, slightly cloudy, turbid, and milky.

Question 20

Freshly voided normal urine is usually

Answer 20

Clear

Question 21

No visible particulates, transparent

Answer 21

Clear

Question 22

Few particulates, print easily seen through urine

Answer 22

Hazy

Question 23

Many particulates, print blurred through urine

Answer 23

Cloudy

Question 24

Print cannot be seen through urine.

Answer 24

Turbid

Question 25

May precipitate or be clotted

Answer 25

Milky

Question 26

four most common substances that cause turbidity aside from amorphous crystals are

Answer 26

WBC, RBC, epithelial cells, and bacteria

Question 27

It is the reflection of the ability of the kidney to maintain normal hydrogen ion concentration in plasma and extracellular fluid.

Answer 27

pH

Question 28

Normal adults with normal fluid intake will produce urine with a specific gravity of __________to ________during a 24 hours period.

Answer 28

1.016 to 1.022

Question 29

SPECIFIC GRAVITY: Water: Solute:

Answer 29

Water: 95% Solute: 5%

Question 30

Methods used to Measure Specific Gravity

Answer 30

Refractometry Reagent Strip Hydrometry

Question 31

It is based on the measurement of the refractive index of a solution which is related to the content of dissolved solids present.

Answer 31

Refractometry

Question 32

Refractometry Tool or equipment : Principle:

Answer 32

Tool or equipment : refractometer Principle: refractive index

Question 33

Specific gravity of distilled water in Refractometer

Answer 33

1.00

Question 34

It is an indirect colorimetric determination of the specific gravity. The method detects only the ionic solutes present in the urine specimen.

Answer 34

Reagent strip

Question 35

Reagent strip principle:

Answer 35

Principle: indirect colorimetric determination of the specific gravity

Question 36

It is based on the determination of urine’s density at room temperature.

Answer 36

Hydrometry

Question 37

Hydrometry Tool or equipment: Principle:

Answer 37

Tool or equipment: Urinometer (hydrometer) Principle: density

Question 38

Hydrometer Sink to a level of __________in distilled water

Answer 38

1.000

Question 39

Hydrometer reading is in

Answer 39

Read at lower meniscus

Question 40

Examination or test used in pH

Answer 40

Litmus paper Nitrazine paper Reagent strip specific gravity

Question 41

In refractometer 1 drop of urine is ul

Answer 41

20 ul