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Flashcards in Audit Sampling Deck (36)
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1
Q

Taking part of a population- subjecting it to audit procedures- projecting results to a population

A

Audit Sampling

2
Q

Based on formulas

Helps find an appropriate audit sample

Helps evaluate evidence obtained

Helps evaluate results and quantify Sampling Risk

A

Audit Sampling

3
Q

Based on human decision

Equally acceptable as Statistical Sampling

A

Audit Sampling

4
Q

Variables sampling

Probability proportionate to size sampling

A

Audit Sampling

5
Q

Attribute Sampling

A

Audit Sampling

6
Q

Risk that your sample isn’t representative of population

Can happen even if audit is done properly

A

Audit Sampling

7
Q

A risk of Control Testing - Auditor works to make Control Risk lower

More substantive tests - Sample overstates Control Risk- Leads to an under-reliance on internal control- over-testing- and overall audit inefficiency

Audit ends up being effective (correct result)- but you do more work

A

Audit Sampling

8
Q

A risk of Control Testing - Complement to Confidence Level
Inverse relationship to Sample Size

Higher accepted risk of assessing Control Risk too low = Smaller Sample

Lower accepted risk of assessing Control Risk too low = Larger Sample

A

Audit Sampling

9
Q

Leads to higher Detection Risk - Fewer substantive tests

Sample understates Control Risk

This error leads to over-reliance on internal control- under-testing- and overall audit ineffectiveness.

Does NOT necessarily mean that the Financial Statements are materially misstated - it does mean that if there is one- you are less likely to find it

A

Audit Sampling

10
Q

A risk of Substantive Testing - Auditor accepts a balance as fairly stated- when in fact it is not fairly stated

Hurts audit effectiveness

Wrong conclusion reached

Efficient- but not effective

A

Audit Sampling

11
Q

A risk of Substantive Testing - Auditor rejects balance as fairly stated when in fact it is fairly stated

Hurts audit efficiency

Wrong recommendations given

Effective- but not efficient

A

Audit Sampling

12
Q

Risk of human (auditor) missing an error

Also called exception- error or deviation.

A

Audit Sampling

13
Q

Sampling Risk deals with the chance that your audit sample is flawed

Non-Sampling risk deals with the chance that your human decisions/conclusions are flawed

A

Audit Sampling

14
Q

Looking at Control Procedures - Were invoices approved when paid?

Errors are stated in terms of %- not dollar amounts

For example- 5 invoices out of 100 were not properly paid. Error rate is 5%

Hint: If you see Error Rate on the Exam- they are referring to Attribute Sampling.

A

Audit Sampling

15
Q

Control Procedures are either operating properly or they are not operating properly - based on Error Rate and the tolerance you have for errors

A

Audit Sampling

16
Q

Error rate in population that you are willing to accept/tolerate

Inverse relationship to Sample Size

Higher Tolerable Rate = Smaller Sample
Lower Tolerable Rate = Larger Sample

If you’re willing to accept a higher probability that errors exist- there is less pressure on the sample

A

Audit Sampling

17
Q

What Error Rate are you expecting? - Judgment call- based on experience

Direct relationship to Sample Size

More errors = Larger Sample

Less errors = Smaller Sample

A

Audit Sampling

18
Q

Attribute in the sample gives information about the entire audit population

Used to estimate Internal Control error rate

A

Audit Sampling

19
Q

Used to determine initial level of Control Risk

A

Audit Sampling

20
Q

Risk of Assessing Control Risk too low

Gives you the Sampling Risk

A

Audit Sampling

21
Q

Attribute sampling is only useful when there is documented evidence (an audit trail) to test

Use when the existence of an error needs to be verified or debunked

A

Audit Sampling

22
Q

Testing for a dollar amount

Value in sample gives information about value in entire population.

A

Audit Sampling

23
Q

Mean Per Unit = Sample Average x Number in Population

Stratification - Decreases effect of variance in population and reduces sample size

A

Audit Sampling

24
Q

A form of Variable Sampling

Does NOT use Standard Deviation

Auditor focuses on a dollar amount

Larger or more valuable items get picked more often as part of the sample

A

Audit Sampling

25
Q

Misstatement found in sample - have to project it to remainder of population

A

Audit Sampling

26
Q

PPS:

Easier to use- Results in a stratified (homogenous) sample- Results in a smaller sample size to audit- Easy to design

Classic Variables Sampling:

Easy to expand sample size- Selecting zero and negative balances easy

A

Audit Sampling

27
Q

Tolerable rate for error - Inverse relationship with sample size

Risk of assessing Control Risk too low - Inverse relationship with sample size

Expected population error rate - Direct relationship with sample size

Population size does NOT affect the sample size - as population is larger- sample size doesn’t grow.

A

Audit Sampling

28
Q

SER + ASR < TER

SER = Sample Error Rate

ASR = Allowance for Sampling Risk

TER = Tolerable Error Rate

A

Audit Sampling

29
Q

The amount that you add to the Sampling Error Rate to get some cushion for your sample.

As high as you think the population error rate could go based on experience.

A

Audit Sampling

30
Q

The amount of error rate that you can accept - If population error rate is less than TER- then accept the Control as effective

If population error rate is more than TER- do more testing to get SER lower or conclude control isn’t effective. Do more substantive testing

A

Audit Sampling

31
Q

Determine Test Objective - for example- have sales shipments been billed?

Define Population and Deviation - take a sample of shipping document- trace forward to see if billed

Determine Sample Size based on tolerable rate for error- risk of assessing Control Risk too low- and expected population error rate.

Select Sampling Technique

A

Audit Sampling

32
Q

Perform the Sampling Plan

Evaluate Results

Document Results

A

Audit Sampling

33
Q

Every certain # of a population is selected

Population needs to be randomly ordered

Primary advantage is that population doesn’t require pre-numbering

A

Audit Sampling

34
Q

Also called Stop or Go sampling

Each audit step determines the next step

A

Audit Sampling

35
Q

Audit is testing an area that is so crucial that zero population errors can be tolerated

Any phony employees on payroll?

A

Audit Sampling

36
Q

Easy to implement- but is the worst method of sampling.

A

Audit Sampling