Audition

Question 1

Vertically, distance from peak to peak

Answer 1

Amplitude
(Small = soft sounds)
(large = large sounds)

Question 2

Horizontally, distance from peak to peak

Answer 2

Frequency
(increased frequency = high pitch)
(decreased frequency = low pitch)

Question 3

Collects sound

Answer 3

Pinna

Question 4

Relays sound further

Answer 4

External Auditory Canal

Question 5

T/F
Together the pinna and the EAC comprise the external ear

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

What is at the transition from external to middle ear?

Answer 6

Tympanic membrane (ear drum)

Question 7

The three bones of the middle ear are the ossicles. Using the acronym MIS name these three bones.

Answer 7

Malleus, Incus, and Stapes

Question 8

Which ear bone connects the tympanic membrane with the next ossicle?

Answer 8

Malleus

Question 9

T/F
Vibrations of the malleus are relayed to the incus

Answer 9

TRUE

Question 10

The incus transfers the vibrations to which bone?

Answer 10

The staple (smallest)

Question 11

Connects the air-filled middle ear to the nasopharynx

Answer 11

Eustachian tube

Question 12

Forced exhalation against a closed airway (the nose)

Answer 12

Valsalva maneuver

Question 13

The machinery responsible for converting vibrations into electrical impulses. The _____ has a coiled appearance and makes two and three-quarter turns. The _____ is filled with fluid and surrounded by bone.

Answer 13

Cochlea

Question 14

Fill in the blank
The _____ contacts the cochlea through an opening in the bone. This structure is known as the ___ ______. This causes movement of fluid and a build-up of pressure.

Answer 14

Stapes
Oval window

Question 15

Fill-in-the-blank about the structural organization of the COCHLEA:
Scala _____: dorsal (perilymph: Na)
Scala _____: ventral (perilymph: Na)
Scala _____: middle (endolymph: K)

Answer 15

Vestibuli
Tympani
Media

Question 16

Separates the scala media from the scala tympani

Answer 16

Basilar Membrane

Question 17

True/ False
There is a clear functional organization of the basilar membrane. The portion CLOSEST to the stapes is tuned or most responsive to high frequency sounds. The more APICAL portion is tuned for low frequencies. This is also described as a tonotopic organization.

Answer 17

TRUE

Question 18

T/F
The auditory nerve connects to the brainstem, ascends to the thalamus, and then projects to the temporal cortex.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

T/F
Ventral to the lateral sulcus separating the frontal and temporal cortex is the auditory cortex.

Answer 19

TRUE

Question 20

The _____ _____ ____ can be defined as including the posterior Superior Temporal Gyrus. If that’s a bit of a mouthful, it is also defined as Brodmann’s Area 41, 42, and part of 22.

Answer 20

Primary Auditory Cortex

Question 21

Is the tonotopic organization of the cochlea and CNVIII also maintained in the auditory cortex?

Answer 21

YES!

Question 22

What area of the PAC is activated by low sounds? High sounds?

Answer 22

Anterior portion- low tones
Posterior portion- high tones

Question 23

T/F
Information from the left eighth cranial nerve enters the brain stem

Answer 23

TRUE

Question 24

There is also a pathway from the left cochlear nuclei to the right superior olive. What is this called?

Answer 24

This is a decussation, or crossing over, to the other side.

Question 25

Structure: part of medulla, lateral to pyramids Function: biaural integration of time & intensity differences

Answer 25

Olivary Nucleus

Question 26

What is the superior olive responsible for?

Answer 26

Integrating information from left and right ear. Processes time and sound intensity differences in both ears

Question 27

Fill-in-the-blank The midbrain or mesencephalon includes paired _____ whose function is to control eye movements. The lower paired protrusion is the _____

Answer 27

A. Superior colliculus B. Inferior Colliculus

Question 28

What is one function of the inferior colliculus?

Answer 28

control the startle response after a sudden sound

Question 29

T/F The lateral geniculate body, or nuclei, is a key information processing center for visual information.

Answer 29

TRUE

Question 30

The ______ _____ _____ is a thalamic relay station for auditory information. It is also important for selecting which auditory information is attended to and which is ignored. This is _____ _____.

Answer 30

A. Medial Geniculate Body B. Auditory Attention

Question 31

T/F The left Wernicke’s area is important for the comprehension of spoken language. It is also important for comprehending written language. The right Wernicke’s area is specialized melody, pitch, and sound intensity.

Answer 31

TRUE

Question 32

What is Presbycusis?

Answer 32

Age-related hearing loss. Hair cells on the basilar membrane responsible for high frequency sounds get more use than those at the apex.

Question 33

What are the two kinds of hearing tests?

Answer 33

Rinne Test & Weber's Test

Question 34

Strike tuning fork, apply to mastoid, then hold over pinna Normal ( - ): air conduction is easier to hear than bone Abnormal (+): bone conduction is easier to hear than air

Answer 34

Rinne Test

Question 35

Atrike tuning fork, apply to center of forehead Normal ( - ): sound heard in middle Abnormal (+): sound heard more in one ear

Answer 35

Weber's Test

Question 36

External ear to stapes, abnormal Rinne’s test

Answer 36

Conductive Hearing Loss

Question 37

Cochlea, CN VIII; abnormal Weber’s test

Answer 37

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Question 38

How do you treat conductive hearing loss? Sensorineural hearing loss?

Answer 38

Conductive- Hearing aid Sensori- cochlear implant