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Physio Test 4 > Auditory System > Flashcards

Auditory System Flashcards

1
Q

Within the inner ear the cochlea is involved in ________________.

A

hearing

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2
Q

Within the inner ear the vestibular apparatus is involved in __________________.

A

equilibrium

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3
Q

Where are the cochlea and vestibular apparatus located?

A

Temporal bones of the skull

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4
Q

The membranous labyrinth that encases the vestibular apparatus and cochlea is filled with _______________.

A

Endolymph

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5
Q

Endolymph of the inner ear contains high concentration of _____ and low concentrations of ____.

A

High K+

Low Na+

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6
Q

The membraneous labyrinth is located inside the bony labyrinth and a fluid called ___________ lies between the two.

A

perilymph

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7
Q

What does endolymph resemble?

A

Intracellular fluid

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8
Q

What does perilymph resimble?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

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9
Q

Perilymph of the inner ear contains high concentration of _____ and low concentrations of ____.

A

High Na+ & Low K+

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10
Q

What is measured in cycles/sec?

A

Frequency

Human range: 20-20,000 Hz

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11
Q

What is measured in decibels?

A

Loudness

This relates to the amplitude of each wave

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12
Q

WHat is the greatest sensitivity range in Hz?

A

3,000 - 4,000 Hz

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13
Q

At high sensitivity, the threshold tympanic membrane moves less than the diameter of a ____________________________.

A

Hydrogen atom

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14
Q

What makes up the external ear?

A

Pinna and external auditory meatus

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15
Q

What makes up the middle ear?

A

Tympanic membrane and ossicles (malleus,incus,stapes)

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16
Q

What is the function of the external ear?

A

Collect and funnel sound to tympanic membrane

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17
Q

At frequencies around 1,000-3,000 Hz, ossicles act as a lever system and ____________ (increase/decrease) force/unit area at the oval window.

A

Increase

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18
Q

What is the function of the middle ear?

A

Impedance matching

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19
Q

What is the function of the inner ear?

A

Transduction of mechanical vibration to electrical signals

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20
Q

What is the fluid filled structure consisting of three tubes that form a spiral of 2.5 turns?

A

Cochlea

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21
Q

How many chambers are in the cochlea?

22
Q

Where is the organ of corti located?

A

In the middle of the three chambers

23
Q

What is the Organ of Corti?

A

Receptor organ responsible for transduction

24
Q

What chamber of the cochlea is the one to which the oval window transmits vibrations?

A

Scala vestibuli

25
What is located between the scala vestibuli and scala media?
Separated by vestibular membrane (Reissner's membrane)
26
What chamber of the cochlea contains the sense organ for hearing the organ of corti?
Scala media
27
What membrane supports the organ of Corti and separates the scala media from scala tympani?
Basilar membrane
28
The scala tympani is continuous with the scala vestibuli via the _________.
helicotrema
29
Which chamber of the cochlea contains the round window?
Scala tympani
30
Which chambers are filled with perilymph and which are filled with endolymph?
Perilymph: Scala vestibuli and scala tympani Endolymph: Scala media
31
What frequencies will cause the greatest movement in the basal part of basilar membrane?
High frequencies
32
Low frequencies produce large movement closer to the ________.
Apex
33
The _________________________ theory says a given frequency will set up a traveling wave in the basilar membrane that will produce a maximal displacement of the membrane at a specific place depending on the frequency.
Traveling wave theory
34
The basilar membrane ____________ complex sounds into their individual frequency components and each frequency acts independently of all others to vibrate the basilar membrane at the appropriate position.
Deconstructs
35
T/F - Bending of hair cells in one direction causes depolarization and an increase in the release of transmitter, bending in the other direction produces inhibition and decrease in transmitter release.
True
36
Outer hair cells act as the ______________________.
Cochlear aplifier
37
What are faint sounds produced in the cochlea and transmitted out of the ear by the outer hair cells known as?
Otoacoustical emissions
38
These otoacoustical emissions are used as a hearing test for __________.
newborns
39
Stereocilia of outer hair cells are stuck in the galatinous _________ membrane.
Tectoral membrane
40
What is the function of the vestibular system?
To relay information about the position and movement of the head
41
What portion of the vestibular system mediates dynamic functions?
Semicircular canals
42
What do the semicircular canals do?
They detect rotation or angular acceleration
43
How many semicircular canals are there?
3 canals arranged at right angles to one another
44
What is the enlargement at the end of each canal called?
Ampulla
45
What is the gelatinous structure which occludes the lumen of the ampulla and sits on top of the ampullary crest?
Cupula
46
What is the ampullary crest?
Sensory portion of the semicircular duct that contains sensory hair cells. The cilia of the hair cells are embedded in the cupula
47
with angular rotation what moves and what doesn't?
Cupula moves but because of inertia, endolymph does not move.
48
The cupula bends with angular rotation of the head causing the _________ of ampullary crest to bend.
Cilia
49
What parts of the vestibular system mediate static functions?
Utricle and saccule
50
The function of the ____________ and ______________ is to detect the position of the head in space and linear accelerations.
Utricle and saccule
51
T/F - The macula of the utricle lies in the horizontal plane covered by otolithic membrane and with tilt or linear acceleration the membrane with push against hair cells.
True
52
The macula of saccule is oriented __________ and may function when lying down.
Vertically

Physio Test 4 (5 decks)

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