Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neurology and Neuroscience > Auditory System > Flashcards

Auditory System Flashcards

(61 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Ear is divided into what sections?

A

outer
middle
inner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is the ear located?

A

embedded in the petrous portion of the temporal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List functions of the outer ear.

A 
capture sound (focus on tympanic membrane)
amplify some frequencies (resonance in the canal)
protect ear from external threat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of the middle ear?

A

amplification (typanic membrane > oval window) due to decrease in SA, uses leverage from incustapes joint to ^ force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hearing part of the inner ear is?

A

cochlea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Function of the cochlea?

A

transduction of vibration into nervous impulses

produces frequency and intensity analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the three compartments of the cochlea?

A

scala vestibuli
scala tympani
scala media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the scala tympani and scala vestibuli?

A

Bony structures, contain perilymph (high in sodium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the scala media?

A

Membranous structure, contains endolymph (high in potassium).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What important organ is located in the scala media?

A

hearing organ or Organ of Corti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Organ of Corti lies in what structure?

A

basilar membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is the basilar membrane organised?

A

tonotopically (basically like a xylophone, sensitive to different frequencies along its length)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Organ of Corti contains what hair cell types?

A

inner hair cells

outer hair cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How are inner hair cells arranged?

A

on one column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How are outer hair cells arranged?

A

on three columns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is located above the hair cells?

A

tectorial membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the tectorial membrane do?

A

allows hair deflection which in turn depolarises the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which hair cell type is in contact with the tectorial membrane?

A

outer hair cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What information does the inner hair cell carry?

A

95% of the afferent information of the auditory nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the function of the IHC?

A

transduction of the sound into nerve impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What information does the OHC carry?

A

95% of the efferent information of the auditory nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the function of the OHC?

A

modulation of the sensitivity of the response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Hairs of the hair cells are called?

A

stereocilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Deflection of the stereocilia towards the cilium will do what?

A

open K+ channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
The opening of K+ channels leads to what?
depolarises the cell and neurotransmitter is liberated
26
Higher amplitudes of sound will cause a greater or lesser deflection of streocilia?
greater
27
Depolarisation of the cell opens or closes K+ channels?
opens K+ channels
28
Spiral ganglions from each cochlea project via which nerve?
auditory vestibular nerve (VIII)
29
Do the spiral ganglions project to the contralateral or ipsilateral cochlear nuclei?
ipsilateral
30
Auditory information crosses at what level?
superior olive level
31
After the crossing, all connections become?
bilateral
32
Define frequency/pitch. What are the units?
cycles per second, perceived tone | Hz
33
Define amplitude/loudness. What are the units?
sound pressure, subjective attribute correlated with physical strength dB
34
What is the human range of hearing?
Frequency: 20–20,000Hz Loudness: 0 dB to 120 dB
35
How does hearing acuity change with age?
decreases with age, particularly higher frequencies
36
What are the aims of a hearing assessment?
answer the qs: is there a hearing loss, what degree, what type?
37
What procedures can be used during a hearing assessment?
tunning fork, audiometry, central processing, tympanometry, otoacustic emission, electrocochleography, evoked potentials
38
What is a tunning fork used for?
used to establish the probable presence or absence of a hearing loss with a significant conductive component
39
What is pure tone audiometry?
science of measuring hearing acuity for variations in sound intensity and frequency
40
What is an audiogram?
where the hearing thresholds are plotted to define if there is a hearing loss or not
41
What is tympanometry?
Exam used to test condition of middle ear + mobility of eardrum and conduction bones by creating variations of air pressure in ear canal
42
What are the most common results of tympanometry?
A: normal, B: -ve middle ear pressure, C: middle ear effusion, eardrum perforation, eustachian tube dysfunction, occluded ear canal
43
The normal cochlea produces?
produces low-intensity sounds called OAE
44
OAEs are produced by?
OHC
45
OAEs are a part of what screening/testing?
newborn hearing screening | hearing loss monitoring
46
What is auditory brainstem response?
alterations in the latency of waves can point to the location of the deficit
47
ABR commonly used in what population and why?
babies and children | does not require patients attention
48
Cortical potentials could be affected in?
neurological conditions | processing problems
49
List types of hearing loss.
conductive sensorineural mixed hearing loss
50
Where is the problem located in conductive hearing loss?
outer or middle ear
51
Where is the problem located in sensorineural hearing loss?
inner ear or the auditory nerve
52
Where is the problem located in mixed hearing loss?
conduction and transduction of sound are affected, problem affects more than one part of the ear
53
How can the degree of hearing loss be classified?
mild moderate severe profound
54
List causes of conductive hearing loss in the outer ear.
wax | foreign body
55
List causes of conductive hearing loss in the middle ear.
otitis | otosclerosis
56
List causes of sensorineural hearing loss in the inner ear.
presbycusis | ototoxicity
57
List causes of sensorineural hearing loss in the nerve.
VIII nerve tumour
58
What are treatments options for hearing loss?
treat underlying cause hearing aids cochlear implants brainstem implants
59
What does a cochlear implant need to function?
functional auditory nerve
60
How does a cochlear implant work?
replaces the function of the hair cells
61
Who is a brainstem implant advised for?
those with bilateral auditory nerve damage

Neurology and Neuroscience (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions