August 1996 Flashcards
(200 cards)
1
Q
\External rotators of the shoulder:
a. Infraspinatus, teres minor, posterior deltoid
b. Subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi
c. Pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, subscapularis
d. Trapezius, rhomboid, levator scapulae
A
Answer: A
Ratio:
Supraspinatus + deltoid-Abductors; superior humeral translation
Infraspinatus -ER ; depress the humerus
Teres minor-ER; depress the humerus
Subscapularis-IR; depress the humerus
Deltoids fibers:
Ant: flex & IR
Mid: ABd
Post: Ext & ER
Lats dorsi & teres major: EXADIR
2
Q
Muscle that is not attached to the humerus:
a. Supraspinatus
b. Pectoralis major
c. pectoralis minor
d.teres major
A
Answer: C
supraspinatus: greater tuberosity of humerus
Pecs major: Pec Lat (lat lip of humerus)
Pecs Minor: coracoid process of scapula
Teres major: Meter (medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus)
3
Q
The principal muscle involved in light hand closure is the:
a. Lumbrical
b. Flexor digitorum profundus
c. interossei
d. flexor digitorum superficialis
A
Answer: B
b. Flexor digitorum profundus: inserted in distal phlanx
d. flexor digitorum superficialis: inserted in middle phlanx
4
Q
This blood vessel does not originate from the aortic arch:
a. Right common carotid artery
b. Left subclavian artery
C. Innominate artery
d. Left common carotid artery
A
Answer: A
ratio:
innominate artery is the same as brachiocephalic artery
5
Q
In a third class lever:
a. None of these
b. The weight arm is longer than the force arm
C. The weight arm and force arm are equal
d. The force arm is longer than the weight arm
A
Answer: Answer: B
I: Fulcurm W=E
II:Weight E>W
III: Effort/force arm E<W
6
Q
A muscle of facial expression:
a. Digastric
b. Temporalis
c. masseter
d. platysma
A
7
Q
The ball of the foot corresponds to the:
a. Sole of the foot
b. Heads of metatarsals
c. base of metatarsal
d. calcaneus
A
8
Q
The anconeus is responsible for:
a. Helping maintain elbow extension
b. Stabilizing the elbow joint during other movements of the upper extremity
c. All of these
d. Initiating extension of the elbow
A
9
Q
Muscle innervated by the radial nerve:
a. Flexor carpi radialis
b. Flexor pollicis longus
c. Flexor digitorum superficialis
d. Abductor pollicis longus
A
10
Q
Overlapping of receptive field improves this phenomenon of sensation:
a. Localization
b. Contrast
c. specific nerve energies
d. projection
A
11
Q
The conoid and trapezoid are ligaments that connect the:
a. Clavicle and sternum
b. Acromion and clavicle
c. coracoids and humerus
d. coracoids and clavicle
A
12
Q
In the process of rising up from the sitting position, the following muscles are active,
EXCEPT:
a. lliopsoas
b. Gastrocsoleus
c. gluteus maximus
d. quadriceps femoris
A
13
Q
The trapezius and serratus anterior:
a. Act synergistically in abduction
b. Act as synergists in upward rotation and antagonists in retraction and protraction
c. Act as synergists in retraction and antagonists in upward and downward rotation
d. Act as synergists in upward rotation and antagonists in depression
A
14
Q
In what movement of the scapula are the upper and lower trapezius muscles synergists:
a. Scapular retraction
b. Upward rotation
c. scapular protraction
d. scapular elevation
A
15
Q
In a midclavicular fracture, the structure that protects the underlying vessels from being
injured is the:
a. Pectoralis minor
b. Subclavius
c. platysma
d. subclavian fat pad
A
16
Q
The highest content of elastic fiber is found in the ligament:
a. Posterior longitudinal ligament
b. Ligamentum flavum
c. anterior longitudinal ligament
d. interspinous ligament
A
17
Q
NOT an extrinsic muscle of the hand:
a. Extensor pollicis longus
b. Extensor digitorum
c. extensor carpi radialis
d. flexor digitorum superficialis
A
18
Q
This does not describe the 7th rib:
a. Typical rib
b. Has two demifacets on its head
c. longest rib
d. most oblique rib
A
19
Q
Stimulation of the vagus nerve may be expected to result in:
a. Decreased blood pressure and increased cardiac contractility
b. Vasodilatation and bradycardia
c. Vasodilatation and tachycardia
d. Vasoconstriction and increased heart rate
A
20
Q
Bradycardia is heart beats less than:
a. 60 per minute
b. 80 per minute
c. 65 per minute
d. 72 per minute
A
21
Q
The interaction between actin and myosin filaments during muscle contraction is brought
to a stop because of:
a. lonization of the cell
b. Depolarization of the cell membrane
c. Sodium pump reversal
d. Decrease concentration of intracellular calcium iond
A
22
Q
A shunt muscle:
a. Is exemplified by the biceps and brachialis
b. Generate very little force c. Will usually have a long lever arm like the brachioradialis
d. Is chiefly rotatory in its effect on moving bone
A
23
Q
A house painter who often works with raised arms as the hands work at a height should primarily be given strengthening exercises for the:
a. Middle deltoid
b. Serratus anterior
c. coracobrachialis
d. supraspinatus
A
24
Q
Efferent fibers of the muscle spindle come from the:
a. All of these
b. Gamma motor neuron
c. alpha motor neuron
d. extrafusal muscle
A
25
The inability to make a complete fist with palmarflexion of the wrist is due to:
a. Inadequate length of the FDP and FDS
b. Marked approximation of the proximal and distal attachments of the fingers flexors
C. Passive insufficiency of the wrist extensors
d. Active insufficiency of the finger extensors
26
The muscle which has its distal attachment on the pisiform:
a. Flexor carpi radialis
b. Extensor carpi radialis longus c. Flexor carpi ulnaris
d. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
27
The glenohumeral joint is most unstable in this position:
a. Flexed, abducted, externally rotated
b. Extended, adducted, internally rotated
c. Flexed, protracted, externally rotated
d. Extended, refracted, externally rotated
28
The functional position of the ulna includes the following, EXCEPT:
a. None of these
b. Slight extension of the wrist to 40 degrees
c. Radial deviation to 5 degrees
d. Ulnar deviation to 15 degrees
29
he attachment of the deltoid ligaments are the following, EXCEPT:
a. Tuberosity of navicular
b. Lateral malleolus
c. Medial tuberosity of talus
d. Sustentaculum tali
30
Type of nerve fiber that has the fastest conduction:
a. Large myelinated axons
b. Small unmyelinated axon
c. small myelinated axons
d. large unmyelinated axon
31
This ligament does NOT contribute to the stability of the hip joint:
a. Ischiofemoral ligament
b. Ligamentum teres
c. Pubofemoral ligament
d. iliofemoral ligament
32
This is a movement in the transverse plane:
a. Circumduction
b. Lateral flexion
c. abduction
d. external rotation
33
The most commonly injured ligament of the ankle joint in sprain is the:
a. Anterior talofibular ligament
b. Anterior tibiofibular ligament
c. Medial deltoid ligament
d. Calcaneofibular ligament
34
With the forearm in the fully pronated position, flexion of the elbow is carried out mostly by
the:
a. Brachioradialis
b. Brachialis
c. pronator teres
d. biceps brachii
35
The biggest volume that can be expired by a person is called:
a. Total lung capacity
b. Tidal volume
c. vital capacity
d. inspiratory capacity
36
The lumbrical muscle:
a. All of these are true
b. Is the only intrinsic muscle responsible for MCP-flexion c. Together with the dorsal interossei, are primarily responsible for extension of the DIP joint
d. Has a better leverage as a DIP extensor compared to its leverage as an MCP flexor
37
The blood supply of the posterior thigh muscles comes mainly from:
a. Popliteal artery
b. Inferior gluteal artery
c. profunda femoris artery
d. femoral artery
38
Responsible for shoulder retraction:
a. Trapezius and rhomboids
b. Trapezius and levator scapulae
c. Trapezius and latissimus dorsi
d. Trapezius and serratus anterior
39
A lesion of the subthalamic nucleus will result in:
a. Tremors
b. Hemiballismus
c. athetosis
d. rigidity
40
Triceps activity is enhanced by:
a. Elbow extension combined with shoulder extension
b. Elbow flexion combined with shoulder flexion
C. Elbow flexion combined with shoulder extension
d. Elbow extension combined with shoulder flexion
41
The arcade of Frohse may compress the:
a. Ulnar nerve
b. Musculocutaneous nerve
c. median nerve
d. posterior interosseous nerve
42
The first line of defense against bacterial infections, among the cellular elements, are the:
a. lymphocytes
b. neutrophils
c. basophils
d. eosinophils
43
The movement of Ca+ ions across the membrane is mainly by:
a. active transport
b. facilitated diffusion
c. passive diffusion
d. osmosis
44
The normal width of the walking base:
a. 5-6 inches
b. 2-4 inches
c. one to two inches
d. one foot
45
When the knee is extended, hip flexion is limited to 60-80 degrees because of passive
insufficiency of the:
a. gluteus maximus
b. iliopsoas
c. hamstring
d. rectus femoris
46
The nerve that crosses the elbow as a pure sensory is the:
a. radial
b. median
c. ulnar
d. musculocutaneous
47
Given a blood pressure of 130/95, the pulse pressure is:
a. 115 mm Hg
b. 95 mg Hg
c. 35 mm Hg
d. 130 mm Hg
48
Which part of the upright lung has the greatest perfusion?
a. base
b. middle lobe
c. uniform throughout
d. apex
49
The axis for subtalar abduction and adduction is:
a. Transverse
b. Longitudinal
c. oblique
d. vertical
50
Muscle power is greatest at approximately % of the maximum load:
a. 20
b. 30
c. 10
d. 40
51
The most abundant cation found inside living cells is:
a. Potassium
b. Sodium
c. chloride
d. calcium
52
The space that is entered during a lumbar puncture to obtain cerebrospinal fluid sample is
the:
a. All of these
b. Subdural space
C. subarachnoid space
d. epidural space
53
A forearm muscle that belongs to the extensor group but flexes the elbow is the:
a. Anconeus
b. Brachioradialis
c. extensor carpi ulnaris
d. supinator
54
Pronation-supination movement of the forearm brings about gliding motion in the
following, EXCEPT:
a. Ulnar-humeral articulation
b. Distal radio-ulnar joint
c. proximal radio-ulnar joint b. Distal radio-ulnar joint
d. radio-humeral articulation
55
Norepinephrine is the neurotransmitter of the:
a. Postganglionic sweat glands
b. Majority of the postganglionic sympathetic endings
c. Preganglionic autonomic findings
d. Myoneural junction
56
Inspiration requires:
a. Decrease in intrathoracic volume
b. Increase in extrathoracic volume
c. increase in intrathoracic volume
d. no change in intrathoracic volume
57
Stability of the ankle joint is primarily afforded by the:
a. Negative intra-articular pressure
b. Musculotendinous attachment
c. Osseous architecture
d. Ligamentous connection
58
Proprioception is characterized by:
a. The rapid adaptation of the receptors
b. A strong affect
c. all of these
d. stimulation of the receptors by joint motion
59
Of the following substances, which of them can cross the plasma membrane most easily:
a. 02
b. K
c. Proteins
d. CI
60
The external intercostals:
a. When present with the internal intercostals, the external intercostals will act in expiration only
b. Assist in forced expiration C. Has fibers that are slanted downward and backward
d. Does not show any activity during normal, quite breathing
61
The radial head is kept in place by the:
a. Biceps insertion
b. Ulnar collateral ligament
c. radial collateral ligament
d. annular ligament
62
Paralysis of the left gluteus medius can be compensated by:
a. Allowing the pelvis to sag laterally toward the unsupported side until the left hip is maximally adducted
b. Placing a cane on the left hand
c. Laterally bending the upper trunk to the right
d. By reducing the knee and ankle motion
63
The calorie cost of walking a given distance is lowest at a walking speed of about
miles per hour:
a. 3.0
b. 3.5
c. 1.5
d. 2.0
64
Ligaments that limit shoulder flexion and extension at the glenohumeral joint:
a. Coracohumeral ligament
b. Coracoacromial ligament
c. acromioclavicular ligament
d. coracoclavicular ligament
65
The most superficial muscle in the posterior trunk:
a. Semi-spinalis
b. Longissimus
c. multifidus muscles
d. rotation and suboccipital muscles
66
The average total range of motion for knee axial rotation:
a. 40 degrees
b. 60 degrees
c. 90 degrees
d. 20 degrees
67
The strongest support for the longitudinal arch of the foot is the:
a. peroneus longus
b. tibialis anterior
c. tibialis posterior
d. peroneus brevis
68
Men climbing high mountains will have enormous water losses from:
a. decreased drinking
b. increased ventilation
c. increased urination
d. increased sweating
69
Given a blood pressure of 130/95, the mean arterial pressure is around:
a. 102 mm Hg
b. 115 mm Hg
c. 107 mm Hg
d. 110 mmHg
70
The main function is to stabilize the scapula:
a. Levator scapulae
b. Deltoid
c. latissimus dorsi
d. serratus anterior
71
The center of gravity of the extended upper extremity is approximately:
a. At the elbow joint
b. Just above the elbow joint
c. at the mid-humerus
d. just below the elbow joint
72
Ulnar deviation at the wrist is brought about by the action of the:
a. Extensor carpi ulnaris
b. Flexor carpi ulnaris with Palmaris longus
c. Flexor carpi ulnaris with the extensor carpi ulnaris
d. Flexor carpi ulnaris
73
A person's grip is weaker, if his wrist is in a flexed position because of.
a. Passive insufficiency of the finger extensors and active insufficiency of the finger flexors
b. Passive insufficiency of the finger flexors and extensors c. Active insufficiency of the finger flexors and extensors d. Passive insufficiency of the long finger flexors and active insufficiency of the finger
extensors
74
The cellular property of neurons which enables them to receive and transmit information
is:
a. Facilitation
b. Accommodation
c. summation
d. excitability
75
A stab wound to the popliteal fossa will primarily injure which structure:
a. Posterior tibial nerve
b. Popliteus
c. common peroneal nerve
d. popliteal artery
76
Neck side flexion isometric movements is a test for muscles innervated by roots:
a. C3-C4
b. C1-C2
c. C5-C6
d. C4-C5
77
This term implies passage of an impulse across a junction:
a. Divergence
b. Transmission
C. convergence
d. conduction
78
If the heart rate is 60 beats per minute and the stroke volume is 90 ml, then cardiac output
is:
a. 5.4 L
b.5.2 L
c. 6.2 L
d. 5.6 L
79
With paralysis of the gastrocsoleus:
a. In children, a secondary clubfoot deformity is likely to develop
b. There will be marked difficult in running and jumping
c. An AFO should always be prescribed
d. The deep muscles of the posterior compartment can substitute as plantar flexors in
the ankle
80
Anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint is usually potentiated by weakness of this
muscle:
a. Supraspinatus
b. Deltoid
c. subscapularis
d. teres minor
81
During your dissection, in order to expose the brachial artery at the elbow, you have to cut
this structure:
a. Brachioradialis
b. Biceps insertion to the radius
c. bicipital aponeurosis
d. pronator teres
82
Deconditioning effects of prolonged bed rest, EXCEPT:
a. Decrease in the contractile strength of body musculature
b. Decrease in the circulation blood volume
c. Decrease in the heart rate response to effort
d. Decrease in lung volume
83
The epiphysis of a bone is:
a. Found below the metaphysics
b. None of these
c. located above the diaphysis
d. located next to the joint
84
The H-zone contains:
a. Z-disc
b. Myosin
c. actin
d. none of these
85
The soleus muscles:
a. Contains a higher proportion of slow-twitch fibers compared to the gastrocnemius
b. Shows greatest activity when the ankle is plantar flexed against resistance while in prone with the knee extended
c. Is most effective as a plantar flexor only when the knee is extended
d. Shows equal activity with the gastrocnemius during normal quiet standing
86
Which of the following correctly describes the intrapleural pressure during a normal unforced breathing:
a. Varies from negative to positive
b. Always positive
c. always negative
d. none of these
87
The teres minor as a rotator cuff muscle:
a. Is responsible for the characteristic roundness of the shoulder
b. Depresses the humeral head in the glenoid together with the suprapinatus and subscapularis
c. Internally rotate the glenohumeral joint during flexion and abduction
d. Prevent shoulder subluxation when carrying a load in the hand while standing erect
88
The connection tissue covering of a muscle fiber:
a. Epimysium
b. Sarcolemma
c. endomysium
d. perimysium
89
Injury to this nerve produces this type of winging of the scapula. The medial border of the
scapula is closer to the midline and the inferior angle is medially rotated:
a. Spinal accessory
b. Dorsal scapular
c. long thoracic
d. thoracodorsal
90
The hip hiking muscle:
a. Quadrates lumborum
b. lliopsoas
c. transverse abdominis
d. erector spinae
91
NOT a characteristic of the lateral epicondyle:
a. It is the common origin of the wrist extensors
b. Injury of this area would not affected the ulnar nerve c. It is more prominent than the medial epicondyle
d. Inflammation is commonly called tennis elbow
92
In the contrast to a nerve action potential a muscle action potential has:
a. A shorter duration
b. A more negative resting membrane potential
c. a slower conduction velocity
d. a lower overshoot
93
The first heart sound is associated with the closure of:
a. Aortic and pulmonic valves
b. Pulmonic and tricuspid valves
c. tricuspid and mitral valves
d. aortic and mitral valves
94
How many compartments are in the lower leg:
a. 3
b.4
c. 2
d. 5
95
NOT found in the I-band:
a. Meromyosin
b. Actin
c. troponin
d. tropomyosin
96
A hacking wound in the posterior and midpart of the arm by a halo may injure the
following, EXCEPT:
a. Triceps short head
b. Musculocutaneous nerve
c. triceps along head
d. radial nerve
97
Death of the cortex of the bone from occlusion of the nutrient vessels caused by intense
infection is called:
a. Osteomalacia
b. Involucrum
c. trabeculations
d. sequestrum
98
The tibialis anterior:
a. Is also an effective toe extensor
b. Can only invert the foot from a fully everted position up to the neutral position
c. Is not capable of everting the foot at all
d. Is primarily an ankle dorsiflexor as well as a strong invertor
99
True of the brachialis muscle:
a. Is active as an elbow flexor mainly when used against resistance
b. Is more active as a flexor during slow muscle contraction
c. Its effectivity as an elbow flexor is unaffected by the position of the forearm
d. All of these
100
The anterior cruciate ligament of the knee is taut during:
a. Full internal rotation at the femurotibial joint
b. 40-50 degrees of knee flexion
c. Full side extension
d. Knee adduction
101
The following muscles act to flex the humerus, EXCEPT:
a. Biceps brachii
b. Pectoralis major
C. subscapularis
d. coracobrachialis
102
The muscle which covers the 6 external hip rotators is:
a. Gluteus medius
b. Gluteus minimus
c. tensor fascia latae
d. gluteus maximus
103
The following cranial nerves have spinal sensory functional components, EXCEPT:
a. The vestibulocochlear nerve
b. The olfactory nerve
c. the glossopharyngeal nerve
d. the optic nerve
104
What is the test position of a fair or better lower trapezius muscle:
a. Prone with the arms over the head
b. Prone with the arms in 90 degrees abduction
c. Sitting with the arms over the head
d. Supine with the arms over the head
105
When an individual stands erect, with weight evenly distributed on both feet, the load
on each hip is approximately. What percentage of the total body weight:
a. 1/3
b. 1/4
c. 115
d. 1/2
106
he primary function of the posterior lobe of the cerebellum is:
a. Maintenance of equilibrium
b. Regulation of muscle tone
c. coordination of skilled movement
d. maintenance of posture
107
The highest tension is generated in which of the following muscle contractions:
a. Slow lengthening
b. Fast shortening
c. slow shortening
d. fast lengthening
108
Facets of thoracic spine are oriented in what plane:
a. Frontal
b. Sagittal
c. horizontal
d. transverse
109
The main source of ATP immediately after exercising for 10 seconds:
a. Glycogen breakdown
b. Phosphocreatine
c. glycolytic processes
d. oxidative processes
110
Heat receptor:
a. Krause and bulbs
b. Ruffini's end organs
c. pacinian corpuscles
d. Merkel's disc
111
The gluteus maximus shows peak activity during:
a. Late stance
b. Midstance
C. early stance
d. swing phase
112
Course of the anterior cruciate ligament:
a. Upward, backward, medial
b. Upward, forward, lateral
c. upward, forward, medial
d. upward, backward, lateral
113
The strongest extensors of the lumbar spine in strengthening up from a forward flexed
bending position are the:
a. Multifidus muscles
b. Hamstring muscles
c. gluteus maximus muscles
d. latissimus dorsi muscle
114
The flexor muscles of the elbow would be at best advantage when at what degree of flexion?
a. 90 degrees
b. 60 degrees
c. 45 degrees
d. 120 degrees
115
The union of the brachiocephalic vein of both sides form the:
a. Superior vena cava
b. Internal jugular vein
c. subclavian vein
d. inferior vena cava
116
The most important shoulder flexors are the:
a. Anterior deltoid and sterna portion of the pectoralis major
b. Coracobrachialis and biceps brachii
c. Coracobrachialis and anterior deltoid
d. Anterior deltoid and clavicular potion of the pectoralis major
117
Voluntary breathing control resides in the:
a. Cerebellar cortex
b. Medulla
c. cerebral motor cortex
d. pons
118
During defecation, an individual has voluntary control over the motor activities of
his/her:
a. Internal anal sphincter
b. External anal sphincter
c. sigmoid colon
d. rectum
119
The normal pinch strength of adult males:
a. 3-4 kg
b. 2-3 kg
c. 1-2 kg
d. 4-5 kg
120
The ventricles of the brain are lined
a. Ependymal cells
b. Choroid epithelium
c. ordinary connective tissue
d. neuroglia cells
121
Not a part of the muscle spindle:
a. Annulo-spiral ending
b. Intrafusal fibers
c. extrafusal fibers
d. flower spray ending
122
Injury to the facial nerve at the stylomastoid foramen with result in:
a. Impaired lacrimation
b. Loss of taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue
c. hyperaccusis
d. facial palsy
123
The lung volume that is involved in gas exchange with the capillary blood at the end of a normal expiration is:
a. Functional residual capacity
b. Tidal volume
c. vital capacity
d. expiratory reserve volume
124
The most stable position of the hip:
a. externally rotated
b. internally rotated
c. adducted
d. abducted
125
Determinant of heart rate:
a. Changes in HCO3
b. Changes in CO2
c. changes in K
d. changes in Na
126
Structure medial to the biceps tendon and deep to the bicipital aponeurosis:
a. Median nerve
b. All of these
c. deep brachial artery
d. median cubital vein
127
A fracture at the proximal neck of the fibula may injure the:
a. Saphenous nerve
b. Tibial nerve
c. common peroneal nerve
d. sural nerve
128
The external jugular vein is found at the:
a. Submandibular triangle
b. Posterior triangle of the neck
c. anterior triangle of the neck
d. carotid triangle
129
The muscles which flex the MP joints after extending the IP joint are the following,
EXCEPT:
a. Lumbricals
b. Palmar interossei
c. dorsal interossei
d. long flexors
130
The only prehension pattern that can be observed in a patient with a median nerve
injury:
a. Three jaw chuck
b. Lateral pinch
c. cylindrical grasp
d. palmar grasp
131
A fan knife thrust into the medial and midpart aspect of the arm may injure the
following, EXCEPT:
a. Median nerve
b. Radial nerve
c. brachial artery
d. ulnar nerve
132
Posterior border of the posterior triangle of the neck: a. Trapezius
b. Sternocleidomastoid
c. splenius capitis
d. latissimus dorsi
133
A razor slash at the anterior surface of the wrist will likely damage the:
a. Median nerve
b. Ulnar nerve
c. all of these
d. radial nerve
134
Major sensory component of the spindle:
a. Nuclear bag
b. Nuclear chain
c. flower spray nerve endings
d. annulospiral nerve endings
135
The predicted maximum heart rate for a 50 year old male is:
a. 140-160
b. 120-140
c. 160-180
d. 100-120
136
Shoulder medial rotation is performed by the:
a. All of these
b. Latissimus dorsi
c. subscapularis
d. teres major
137
The key joint in hand movements:
a. Wrist joint
b. Elbow joint
c. interphalangeal joints
d. shoulder joint
138
Flexion-extension of the thoracic spine totals how much?
a. 30 degrees
b. 60 degrees
c. 15 degrees
d. 40 degrees
139
This is not a characteristic of a hamstring muscle:
a. Supplied by the tibial division of the sciatic nerve
b. Inserts into the tibia or fibula
c. supplied by the peroneal division of the sciatic nerve
d. arises from the ischial tuberosity
140
The automatic respiratory center is located in the:
a. Medulla
b. Cerebellum
c. cerebrum
d. pons
141
Intervertebral discs are located between vertebral bodies from:
a. C1 to S1
b. C1 to L5
c. C2 to L5
d. C2 to S1
142
Pulls the scapula medial, upward and posteriorly:
a. Rhomboids minor
b. Rhomboids major
c. all of these
d. levator scapulae
143
Branch of the vertebrobasilar artery of the brain:
a. Lenticulostriate artery
b. Internal auditory artery
c. anterior cerebral artery
d. ophthalmic artery
144
The bandage muscle, wrapping around other neck muscles:
a. Sternocleidomastoid
b. Trapezius
c. splenius
d. serratus anterior
145
During flexion of the ankle:
a. The malleoli approximate each other
b. Tibiofibular and interosseus ligaments tend to become horizontal
c. Malleoli are pulled inferiorly
d. The fibula is laterally rotated
146
Most important function of the astrocyte:
a. Structural support to nervous tissue
b. Production of myelin
c. repair of damaged tissue
d. central nervous system scavenger
147
The following muscles help maintain the relationship articulating parts in the shoulder
joint, EXCEPT:
a. Teres major
b. Supraspinatus
C. Subscapularis
d. teres minor
148
Meniscal tears in the knee joint usually result from:
a. Hyperextension
b. Hyperflexion
c. rotation in full extension
d. rotation in partial flexion
149
Osseous structure which serve as guides to completion of skeletal maturation include
all of the following, EXCEPT:
a. Closure of distal radial epiphysis
b. Union of ischium and pubis
c. union of iliac apophysis with the ilium
d. union of ring epiphysis of vertebral bodies
150
The swaying of the arms when walking occurs around this axis:
a. Anteroposterior/horizontal
b. Vertical
c. sagittal
d. frontal
151
The muscle lateral to the pectineus:
a. Rectus femoris
b. Adductor longus
c. iliopsoas
d. piriformis
152
The superficial group of the muscles of the back includes: a. Serratus posterior
b. Levator scapulae
c. longissimus
d. splenius capitis
153
The origin of the parasympathetic preganglionic nerve fibers supplying the urinary
bladder is:
a. Inferior mesenteric ganglion
b. Sacral spinal cord segments 2,3,4
c. dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve
d. lumbar spinal cord segments 1, 2, 3 4
154
Considering the pain distribution along the medial border of the dorsum of the foot, which spinal level is represented by the saphenous nerve?
a. L5
b. L3
c. L2
d. L4
155
Largest branch of the lumbar plexus:
a. llioinguinal
b. Genitofemoral
c. anterior crural
d. iliohypogastric
156
Synergist of finger flexors:
a. Ulnar deviators
b. Wrist extensors
c. wrist flexor
d. radial deviators
157
Muscle tested as an elbow flexor with forearm pronated:
a. Coracobrachialis
b. Brachioradialis
c. brachialis
d. biceps
158
The nerve necessary for a normal precision grips.
a. Radial
b. Ulnar
c. median
d. radial and ulnar
159
Stroke volume is lowest in:
a. Muscular activity
b. Erect position
c. recumbent position
d. slow walking
160
The fibers in connective tissue are synthesized by the:
a. Histiocyte
b. Fibroblast
c. mast cell
d. plasma cell
161
Expulsive form of cough requires which of the following muscle to contract most
forcefully:
a. Sternocleidomastoid
b. Abdominals
c. diaphragm
d. scalene
162
The normal physiologic curves in children will become similar to that of an adult by the
age of:
a. 16
b. 8
c. 12
d. 10
163
A patient has bilateral quadriceps weaknesses. The most difficult task for him to do is:
a. Running
b. Climbing upstairs
c. walking at a fast pace
d. going downstairs
164
In a full term baby, knee extension is incomplete by about:
a. 20 degrees
b. 10 degrees
c. 40 degrees
d. 30 degrees
165
The principal product of the adrenal medulla is:
a. Dopamine
b. Epinephrine
c. norepinephrine
d. histamine
166
A fracture of this bone typically involve the neck and may result in a vascular necrosis:
a. Trapezoid
b. Scaphoid
c. hamate
d. lunate
167
The femur is approximately what portion of a person's height?
a. 1/4
b. 1/5
c. 1/6
d. 1/3
168
A hack wound extending to the bone on the postero-medial aspect of the upper limb
above the elbow joint will likely damage the:
a. Ulnar nerve
b. Median nerve
c. radial nerve
d. musculocutaneous nerve
169
Muscle which may compress the sciatic nerve as the nerve passes underneath it:
a. Rectus femoris
b. Quadrates femoris
c. piriformis
d. gluteus maximus
170
"Minor's elbow' refers to an inflammation of the:
a. Olecranon bursa
b. Anconeus
c. medial epicondyle
d. lateral epicondyle
171
In lowering yourself to a chair from standing to sitting, the quadriceps are doing:
a. Isometric contraction
b. Eccentric contraction
c. positive work
d. concentric contraction
172
The lateral cord continues as the:
a. Axillary nerve
b. Musculocutaneous nerve
c. radial nerve
d. ulnar nerve
173
This route of the sound waves is fastest and used in normal hearing:
a. Fluid conduction
b. Air conduction
c. ossicular conduction
d. bone conduction
174
The bodies of the fifth to the ninth thoracic vertebral are usually asymmetric because
of:
a. None of these
b. Presence of pericardium and heart
c. presence of thoracic aorta d. asymmetric ribs
175
During the stance phase of the gait cycle:
a. Increase activity of the gastrocsoleus
b. Increase activity of the quadriceps
c. increased activity of the gluteus medius
d. all of these
176
The plane of progression during ambulation:
a. The horizontal plane
b. The frontal plane
c. the sagittal plane
d. the vertical plane
177
The line of the ground reactive force at heel strike extends:
a. None of these
b. Behind the knee
c. in front of the knee
d. through the knee
178
Branch of the facial nerve innervating the lacrimal gland:
a. Temporal branch
b. Zygomatic branch
c. chorda tympani
d. petrosal nerve
179
Muscle which substitutes for a weak or paralyzed scapular adduction:
a. Triceps
b. Posterior deltoids
c. biceps
d. pectoralis
180
Strongest hand prehension position is provided by:
a. Hook prehension
b. Lateral prehension
c. tip prehension
d. cylindrical prehension
181
Will lead to edema formation, EXCEPT:
a. Increase in venous pressure
b. Decrease in permeability of the capillaries
c. lymphatic obstruction
d. increase in arteriolar hydrostatic pressure
182
After removal of the patella from the knee:
a. The quadriceps useless force to extend the knee
b. The patellar tendon lies farther from the center of motion
c. The quadriceps acts with a shorter level arm
d. Full active extension of the knee in no longer possible
183
The decerebrate posture generally indicates lesion of the:
a. Cerebellum
b. Midbrain
c. medulla
d. trapezoid
184
With the exception of the pisiform, which is the smallest of the carpal bone?
a. Triquetrium
b. Hamate
c. trapezium
d. trapezoid
185
Functions of the cruciate ligaments, EXCEPT:
a. Limit rotational movement of knee
b. Tense in all positions of the knee especially in extreme flexion and extension
c. Prevent anteroposterior displacement of the joint
d. None of these
186
A facet oriented in the sagittal plane allows what motion?
a. Gliding
b. Flexion-extension
c. lateral flexion
d. rotation
187
The following statements are TRUE about the lateral malleolus, EXCEPT:
a. It extends further distally than the medial malleolus
b. It is more posterior than the medial malleolus
c. Its configuration permits the ankle mortise to point 15 degree laterally
d. Its distal extension acts as a deterrent to inversion ankle sprains
188
Hyperventilation in the absence of increased CO2 production results in:
a. Hypoxemia
b. Alkalosis
c. acidosis
d. hypercapnea
189
Flexion at the metatarsophalangeal joints is possible up to:
a. 30-45 degrees
b. 180 degrees
c. 90 degrees
d. 10 degrees
190
The most abundant protein in the body:
a. Keratin
b. Elastin
C. collagen
d. hyaline
191
Point at the root of the nose where the frontonasal suture crosses the median plane:
a. Nasion
b. Nasal septum
c. lambda
d. bregma
192
Muscles responsible for rotation of the scapula as in full abduction of the arm:
a. Levator scapula and rhomboid minor
b. Deltoids and biceps
c. trapezius and serratus anterior
d. subclavius and pectoralis major
193
In contrast to axons, dendrites are typically:
a. Thinner
b. Receive more synaptic contacts
c. product one or more synaptic and feet
d. longer
194
If the motor root of the trigeminal nerve is injured, paralysis occurs in:
a. Buccinator
b. All of these
c. tensor tympani
d. posterior belly of digastric muscles
195
A strong maximum concentric contraction of the biceps is best elicited when elbow
flexion is combined with:
a. Forearm pronation and finger flexion
b. Neutral forearm position and finger flexion
c. forearms supination and finger extension
d. forearm supination and finger flexion
196
Forms part of the medial wall of the axilla:
a. Coracobrachialis
b. Latissimus dorsi
c. pectoralis minor
d. serratus anterior
197
A brainstem level reflex:
a. Body righting acting on the body
b. Positive supporting reaction
c. crossed extension
d. neck righting
198
This cranial nerve has NO connection with the parasympathetic system:
a. CN VII
b. CNV
C. CN III
d. CN XI
199
NOT an important crutch walking muscle:
a. Anconeus
b. Latissimus dorsi
c. pectoralis major
d. middle trapezius
200
A muscle that complements the posterior cruciate major and helps prevent forward
subluxation of the femur when doing knee bends is the:
a. Gastrocnemius
b. Popliteus
c. plantaris
d. vastus medialis
