Aula 3 Flashcards
(22 cards)
T. Hall
- High-context vs Low-context
- Polychronic vs Monochronic time
- Proxemics (use of space)
High context (vs Low context) [T.Hall]
- Non-verbal cues
- Traditional
- Information is in the context
- Body language
- Indirect communication
Monochronic (vs polychronic) [T.Hall]
- Prefer to do one thing at a time
- Value time; relationships are secondary
- Low context cultures
Proxemics [T.Hall]
- use of space
- personal space and territory (claim & defend)
- smaller space: japan, india
- larger space: canada, us
- low territ.: aboriginals (they belong to the land, not the other way around)
- high territ: americans
Hofstede
- Individualism/Collectivism
- Uncertainty Avoidance
- Power Distance
- Masculinity/Femininity
- Long Term/Short Term
Power Distance
- The extent to which a society prefers that power is distributed equally in relationships, institutions & organizations
- High power distance: centralization and acceptance of power
- Low power distance: laws and norms minimize power distinction; Boss -> Friend
Long term (vs short term)
- Future oriented valued
* Value thrift, persistence, adaptation
Ting-Toomey
• Face and Facework
Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck
- Relationship to environment
- Reletionship among people
- Mode of normal activity
- Belief about basic human nature
- Orientation to time
- Use of space
Relation to environment
- Subjugation
* Harmony/Mastery
Subjugation [Relation to environment]
- World is dominated by god
- External control accepted
- Fate & chance play a role
Harmony (vs Mastery) [Relation to environment]
- not separate from world around us
- human role: keep world in balance (instead of controlling and influencing the world)
- coexist in harmony
Relationship among people
- Hierarchy
* Collectivism/Individualism
Hierarchy [Relationship among people]
Vertical differentiation
Power and Authority increases further up the hierarchy
Status (age, family, etc.)
Mode of Human Activity
Being
Thinking/Doing
Being [Mode of Human Activity]
Spontaneous
oriented to present
-punctuality less important than paying attention to the present
Thinking (vs doing) [Mode of Human Activity]
- Senses moderated by thought
- rational, careful thought before action (instead of compulsive)
- when in doubt, get more info (instead of take action)
Basic human nature
Bad/Good
Changeable/Unchangeable
Basic human nature (matching)
Bad - unchangeable
Mixed / neutral - somewhat changeable
Good - Changeable
Orientation to time
- Past / Present / Future
- Polychronic / monochronic
Use of space
Private / Mixed / Public
Ecological Fallacy?
When you assume you can predict an individual from their culture or that you can predict a culture from an individual
